1. Innate behaviours Territory, society, competition and co-operation

2. “Social Interaction”  Involves 2 or more individuals Eg. Competition, aggression, co- operation, courtship

3. Behaviours identify  Different species behave in slightly different ways. This allows members of one species to identify members of their own species.  Example: table 11.4 pg 353. Two species of ravens behave slightly differently. This is especially important for successful mating and reproduction.

4. Group organisation  Groups may be formed for a variety of reasons Dolphins form groups to herd fish Jays (bird type) group to care for young A couple come together to mate For protection For shelter

5. Caste systems  Caste systems are found in bees, wasps, ants.  Caste is like the class of the individual. Where it fits in with others, and its role. Ants Reproductive caste Sterile workers (food collection) Soldier

6. Social hierarchies  Pecking order  Dominance  Animals learn their place by challenging members of the group. If they lose, they will not challenge that member again  Stronger animals more likely to have offspring, which means offspring are generally also strong.

7. Dominance behaviour http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=43811&titl e=Lowland_gorilla_display_of_dominance&ref=Campme86

8. Leadership Baboons One or two dominant males Many subordinate males Many females and young Dominant males protect – group members safer than solitary animals Dominant males get first priority mating partners When moving, strong males lead, followed by the dominant male, females and young. Young males are last.

9. Territoriality  Select and guard a territory From competitors for resources From predators Eg. Magpies swooping

10. Competition  For resources Eg. Birds compete for nest space Seagulls squabble over food morsel Crickets fight over mating partners

11. Co-operation  Helping each other  Pack animals hunt together  Meerkats look out for danger

12. Innate behaviours can change  May not be fully developed at birth  May not be needed at all ages  Innate behaviour can be built upon by learned behaviour – eg. The walking motion in babies is further built upon by learning to balance

13. Laughing gull chick  Chicks peck at parent’s red beak in order to trigger regurgitation  Day 1: 1/3 of pecks are accurate  Day 2: ½ accurate  Day 3: more than ¾ accurate  May learn quicker from siblings

14. Activities Glossary: behaviour, innate, learned, rhythmic behaviour, communication, pheromones, caste, hierarchy, competition, aggression, co- operation. Quick Check questions pg 357 Chapter review pg 369 question 2, 5, 9