2. Archetypes Are constantly repeating characters or energies which occur in the dreams of all people and the myths of cultures Reflect aspects of the human mind Our personalities divide themselves into these characters to play out the drama of our lives

3. Archetypal Characters Hero Mentor Threshold Guardian Herald Shapeshifter Shadow Trickster

4. The Purpose of the Hero Gives the audience a window into the story Has qualities that we all can recognize in ourselves. We all desire… TTo be loved and understood TTo succeed TTo survive TTo be free TTo get revenge TTo fight wrongs TTo seek self-expression

5. Functions of the Hero Growth-overcome obstacles and achieve goals (usually dynamic) Action-in control of his or her own fate Sacrifice-the true mark of the hero Death-at least a threat of death Flaws-weakness, imperfections, quirks, and vices (humanize the character) Other characters can act as heroes at times.

6. Hero: Universal Motivations Revenge Anger Lust Competition Territoriality Patriotism Idealism Cynicism Despair

7. Varieties of the Hero Willing-active, gung-ho, committed, brave, self-motivated Unwilling-full of doubts or hesitations, passive, needs to be motivated by outside forces. Anti-Heroes-may be an outlaw or a villian from the point of view of society Group-Oriented-face a choice about whether or not to return to their ordinary world Loners-estranged from society Tragic-dies as a result of his or her flaw Catalyst-not dynamic (bring transformation to others instead) Hybrid-become a shapeshifter, mentor, or even a shadow

8. Mentor Usually a positive figure who aids or trains the hero Wise Old Man or Wise Old Woman Expressed all characters who teach and protect heroes and give them gifts Comes from Homer’s The Odyssey Often speak in the voice of a god or are inspired by divine wisdom

9. Mentor: Psychological Function Represent the Self-the god within us Higher-Self-the wiser, nobler, more godlike part of us A Conscience to guide us on the road of life Closely related to the image of the parent Many heroes seek out mentors because their own parents are inadequate role models

10. Mentor: Dramatic Functions Teaching Gift-Giving Inventors The Hero’s Conscience Motivation Planting Dark Mentors Fallen Mentors Continuing Mentors Multiple Mentors Comic Mentors Flexibility Inner Mentors Placement

11. Threshold Guardians Obstacles on the road to adventure Powerful guardians at the threshold placed to keep the unworthy from entering Present a menacing face to the hero, but if properly understood, they can be overcome, bypassed, or even turned into allies Block the hero before the adventure even gets going

12. Threshold Guardians Not the main villain or antagonist Lieutenants of the villain Lesser thugs or mercenaries hired to guard access to the chief’s headquarters May be placed there to test the hero’s willingness and skill Mentors The Secret Door

13. Threshold Guardians May represent the ordinary obstacles we face every day in life –Bad weather –Bad luck –Prejudice –Oppression –Hostile people Stand for our internal demons -The neurosis -Emotional Scars -Vices -Dependencies -Self-Limitations

14. Threshold Guardians Dramatic Functions: Testing Must solve a puzzle or pass a test Learn how to deal with obstacles -Turn around and run -Attack the opponent head-on -Use craft or deceit to get by -Bribe or appease the guard -Make an Ally out of a presumed Enemy

15. The energy of the Threshold Guardian may not be embodied as a character but may be found as a prop, architectural feature, animal, or force of nature that blocks and test the hero. Learning how to deal with Threshold Guardians is one of the major tests of the Hero’s Journey. Christopher Vogler

16. Herald Usually issues challenges and announces the coming of significant change Delivers the Call to Adventure (usually) Positive, negative, or neutral figures Psychological Function: Call for Change –Dream –Figure –Real Person –New Idea –Encounter

17. Whether it is an inner call, an external development, or a character bringing news of change, the energy of the Herald is needed in almost every story. Christopher Vogler

18. Shapeshifter Primary characteristic is that they change from the hero’s point of view Dazzle and confuse the hero rather than try to kill him or her Psychological Function: To express two different energies: –A–Animus-name for the male element in the female unconscious –A–Anima-name for the female element in the male unconscious

19. Dramatic Function: Bringing doubt and suspense into a story –Femme Fatale-woman as temptress or destroyer –Homme Fatale-man as a tempter or a destroyer Mask of the Shapeshifter-may be another character

20. Shadow Represents the energy of the dark side, the unexpressed, unrealized, or reject aspects of something –Suppressed monsters of the inner world –Things we don’t like about ourselves Shelters positive qualities that are in hiding or that we have rejected for some reason.

21. Shadow: Psychological Function Represents the power of repressed feelings Stands for Psychosis that not only hampers us but threatens to destroy us May be a shady part of ourselves In Dreams –Monsters –Demons –Devils –Evil Aliens –Vampires –Other Fearsome Enemies

22. Shadow: Dramatic Function To challenge the hero and give her a worthy opponent Create conflict and bring out the best in a hero Typically one character, but may be a mask worn by many other characters-even the hero

23. Trickster Embodies the energies of mischief and desire for change Natural Enemies of the status quo Psychological Function –Cut big egos –Point out folly and hypocrisy –Bring about healthy change and transformation Dramatic Function: Comic Relief

24. Trickster Heroes Catalyst characters who affect the lives of others but are unchanged themselves –Charlie Chaplin –Marx Brothers –Daffy Duck -Tweety Bird -Daffy Duck -Woody Woodpecker -Bugs Bunny

25. Minor Archetypes The wolf The hunter The good mother The wicked Stepmother The fairy godmother The witch The prince or princess The greedy innkeeper The eternal boy Good Cop/Bad Cop Tough but Fair Sergeant