1. 500 pound gorilla vs.
150 pound human
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2. How much do each of their brains weigh?
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3. Gorilla’s Brain = 1 pound Human’s Brain = 3 pounds
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4. Brain to Body Ratio 1:500 Brain to Body Ratio 3:150
If the human brain were of the same ratio as the gorilla’s, our brain would only weigh 5 ounces!
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5. It’s an amazing 3 pound mass that separates us from all other animals!
If you were to compare humans to other animals in any other area (strength, endurance, vision, hearing, and so on) humans would seem less remarkable.
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6. OBJECTIVES: ● List consequences that can occur if
the frontal lobe is damaged.
● Discover how verbal tasks interfere
with right-handed motor skills – results
of the Kinsbourne & Cook study
(1971)
● Describe condition known as agnosia.
● Identify which parts of the brain were
activated while viewing a video clip.
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7. (Humming the Star Spangled Banner)
Temporal Lobe “Hearing” Demonstration
(Humming the Star Spangled Banner)
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8. FRONTAL LOBE
CORE OF THE PERSONALITY
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9. FRONTAL LOBE If damaged, here’s a likely list of consequences:
Inappropriate emotions
Socially unacceptable behaviors (usually meaning fewer inhibitions)
Inability to make long-range plans
Easily distracted
Difficulty integrating facts
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10. FRONTAL LOBE Example of a person with frontal lobe damage:
He/she goes into the bedroom to make the bed, becomes distracted by the wallpaper, which he/she decides need to be changed, and rips it down!
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11. Hemisphere Dominance Demonstration
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12. Kinsbourne & Cook Study - 1971
Subjects completed a verbal task while balancing a wooden rod on either the left or the right finger.
Subjects were able to balance the rod longer on their left finger than on their right.
Apparently, a verbal task (left-hemisphere skill) interferes with a right-handed motor skill (a left-hemisphere motor-strip task).
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13. Imagine gazing at a running shoe, taking in the laces and the color of the stripes, drawing the shoe on a big piece of paper with crayons, yet not being able to identify the object as a shoe…
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14. AGNOSIA…. AKA: Mindblindness - Results from brain injury
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15. If a person with agnosia is able to feel the object (however), he/she can then name the object without hesitation.
Several senses need to be stimulated in order for a whole picture to develop.
Some people develop facial agnosia, where they may not be able to identify their own family members until they hear their voices.
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16. OBJECTIVES: ● Describe what the Broca’s area is and
results if the area is damaged.
● Discover which of your motor strips is
dominant.
● Describe the Mozart effect.
● Name/list famous left-handed people.
● Describe what split brain is & how it
affects a person with a split brain..
● Discover how to utilize both sides of
the brain while taking notes.
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17. Wernicke’s Area
Broca’s Area
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18. Question:
If both a woman and a man have a stroke that damages this area (Broca’s area), who is more likely to recover?
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19. Question:
If both a woman and a man have a stroke that damages this area (Broca’s area), who is more likely to recover?
Brain imaging techniques reveal that many women process speech and language in both hemispheres, so a woman is much more likely to recover her verbal skills.
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20. WERNICKE’S area is located in the left temporal lobe and is involved in the process of understanding (processing) words we hear spoken.
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21. Exploration – Motor Strip Dominance
Make tallies under these categories:
Left Right No Preference
when I ask you the following questions…….
(Go with what comes first/naturally.)
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22. Exploration – Motor Strip Dominance Which hand do you write with?
Which hand holds scissors?
Which hand holds a hammer?
Which arm goes first into a jacket?
Which arm goes into the loop of a backpack/book bag first?
Which hand is on top when you clap?
Which hand deals out cards?
Which foot kicks a ball?
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23. © West Educational Publishing

24. Kasey Kahne & & Tom Cruise David Archuleta
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25. A number of studies have show the
In 1998, Governor Zell Miller of Georgia made sure every baby born in his state received an audiotape with classical music on it.
A number of studies have show the
positive effects music can have on the
brain and this was one attempt at
applying some of these findings.
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26. THE MOZART EFFECT
Study done at the University of California at Irvine.
Researchers found that listening to Mozart prior to completing a spatial task improved spatial reasoning.
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27. SPLIT BRAIN David McNeil (@University of Chicago)
Left-Hemisphere seems to specialize in linguistic coding: Syntax & Grammar
Right-Hemisphere seems to specialize in imagery, which may be reflected through gestures.
During discourse, it’s common for split-brain patients to speak, pause, then gesture, then resume speaking again.
CONCLUSION: BOTH HEMISPHERES ARE INVOLVED IN LANGUAGE.
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28. SPLIT BRAIN – Story Problem
Split-Brain Sam is blind-folded. With his LEFT hand, he picks up a bell. He feels it… He rings it…. He knows it’s a bell.
Would he be able to SAY it is a bell?
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29. Story Problem (Answer)
SPLIT BRAIN –
Story Problem (Answer)
Since he CAN HEAR it, since BOTH EARS hear the bell, both hemispheres also “hear” it, and the talking left-hemisphere would be able to say, “It’s a bell.”
HOWEVER, if he just picked it up and did NOT ring it, Split-Brain Sam probably would NOT be able to verbalize that the object name is “bell.”
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30. Kent State (Front Campus)
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31. Kent State (Front Campus)
HIPPOCAMPUS = MEMORIES
Kent State (Front Campus)
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32. © West Educational Publishing

33. Brain, Body and Behavior
CHAPTER 3
The brain is remarkable in what it can do. This lecture will show that the brain plays an important part in everything we think and do.
Brain, Body and Behavior
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34. Brain, Body and Behavior
CHAPTER 3
The brain is remarkable in what it can do. This lecture will show that the brain plays an important part in everything we think and do.
Brain, Body and Behavior
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35. Cerebral
Cortex
The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the brain and controls very high level thought processes.
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36. The Corpus Callosum is a thin band of tissues inside the fissure.
Front
The Corpus Callosum is a thin band of tissues inside the fissure.
Left
Right
Rear
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37. Tasks of the Cerebral Hemispheres
The brain is divided into halves. Each half, or hemisphere, controls the opposite side of the body.
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38. Click for more information.
The Lower Brain
The cerebral cortex covers, protects, and influences the lower brain structures.
Cerebral cortex
Corpus callosum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Pituitary
Cerebellum
Amygdala
Reticular activating system
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Cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Cerebellum
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39. Click for more information.
The Lower Brain
The thalamus acts as a relay station to send incoming and outgoing messages to appropriate areas in the brain.
Cerebral cortex
Corpus callosum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Pituitary
Cerebellum
Amygdala
Reticular activating system
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Cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Cerebellum
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40. Click for more information.
The Lower Brain
The hypothalamus controls hunger, pleasure, thirst, rage, and sexual desire.
Cerebral cortex
Corpus callosum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Pituitary
Cerebellum
Amygdala
Reticular activating system
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Cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Cerebellum
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41. Click for more information.
The Lower Brain
The cerebellum helps you to stand upright and keeps your movements coordinated.
Cerebral cortex
Corpus callosum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Pituitary
Cerebellum
Amygdala
Reticular activating system
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Cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Cerebellum
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42. Other Lower Brain Structures
The Limbic System is involved with basic emotions and memory. Two important structures include
the amygdala (emotional responses and aggression)
the hippocampus (the formation of new memories)
The Reticular Activating System keeps track of nerve impulse activity and helps regulate how alert or sleepy we feel.
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43. Brain Communication
A NEURON is a nerve cell. It is the smallest part of the nervous system.
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44. Brain Communication
Dendrites branch off the body of the neuron and receive impulses from other neurons.
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45. Brain Communication
Axons gather impulses from dendrites and carry them to other neurons.
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46. Brain Communication
The synapse is the space between the axon of the sending neuron and the dendrites of the receiving neuron.
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47. Neurotransmitters are messenger molecules
(pain, pleasure, movement)
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48. Acetylcholine Dopamine Endorphins
sends information to other nerve cells when some part of the body moves
can affect memory
production of this neurotransmitter can be shut down by food poisoning
Dopamine
involved in movement
a shortage can cause Parkinson’s disease
Endorphins
relieve pain and
increase the sense of well-being (“natural morphine”)
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49. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
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50. The Nervous System
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51. Female gonads (ovaries)
The Endocrine System
Pituitary gland
Click on the arrows for more information.
Thyroid
Adrenal gland
Female gonads (ovaries)
Male gonads (testes)
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52. The Endocrine System Pituitary Gland the master gland
controlled by the hypothalamus
sends a message to other glands to begin working
determines how tall or short a person will be
Pituitary gland
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Pituitary gland
Thyroid
Gonads
Adrenal gland
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53. Female gonads (ovaries)
The Endocrine System
The Gonads
sex glands that produce either sperm or eggs used in reproduction
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Pituitary gland
Thyroid
Female gonads (ovaries)
Gonads
Adrenal gland
Male gonads (testes)
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54. The Endocrine System The Thyroid Gland controls metabolism
overactive thyroid may cause restlessness and anxiety
underactive thyroid may result in sadness and even depression
Thyroid
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Pituitary gland
Thyroid
Gonads
Adrenal gland
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55. The Endocrine System The Adrenal Gland
secretes adrenaline into the bloodstream
blood pressure goes up,
muscles tense, and hands tremble
Adrenal gland
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Pituitary gland
Thyroid
Gonads
Adrenal gland
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56. Summary of Main Topics Covered
Parts of the Brain
The Lower Brain
Brain Communication
Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
The Endocrine System
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