1. RUSSIAN REVOLTS AND REVOLUTIONS

2. Revolts & Revolutions 1800s: Russia was full of tension Society had become more educated & wanted radical change –Serfs –Nobles

3. Alexander I 1801: Alexander I took the throne –Eased censorship –Promoted edu. –Talked of freeing serfs Took back reform ideas after Napoleon’s invasion

4. Decembrist Revolt 1825: army officer uprising –Took liberal ideas from Napoleon –Demanded constitution

5. Decembrist Revolt Lack of proper planning doomed the revolt Nicholas I - put down revolt –150,000 exiled to Siberia –Banned books from W. Europe Revolutionary leaders became heroes in Russian society

6. Alexander II Initiated a series of measures to Modernize Russia –Improved infrastructure 1861: freed all serfs –Problem: freed serfs had to buy land

7. Alexander II Many groups were angered by reforms he tried to make Several attempts were made on his life March 1881: Alexander II was assassinated

8. Marxism German philosopher Wrote the Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels Believed that workers or the proletariat should unite & overthrow capitalist governments Communism: a classless society where everyone’s needs are taken care of

9. Revolution of 1905 1904: Russo/Japanese war –Stunning defeat of Russia News of military loss led to protest by workers –Strikes for better wages & hours

10. Bloody Sunday Father Georgi Gapon Sunday: Jan. 22 –Organized workers for a peaceful march Czar Nicholas feared marchers & fled –Fired on by guards

12. The Revolution of 1905 Discontent Across Russia due to Bloody Sunday –Strikes –Workers took over local government –Peasants looted & burned homes

13. Revolution of 1905 Nicholas was forced to make reforms October Manifesto

14. Effects of Revolution Nicholas failed to solve Russia’s basic political & economic problems Discontent sparked new revolts

15. Affects of Revolution 1914: World War I broke out United Russians together –Army went to war –Russia’s resources were strained

17. World War I 1915: Many soldiers had no ammo or supplies –2 million casualities Nicholas went to the front lines –Left his wife Alexandra in charge

18. Affects of WWI Alexandra began to rely on Rasputin –Both threw the government into chaos Rasputin

19. Revolution of 1917 March Origins: food riots & strikes Czar ordered soldiers to intervene –Instead they joined the rebellion –Forced to abdicate on March 17 Duma set up a provisional government Soviets or councils were set up to challenge the government

20. LENIN Lenin & The Bolsheviks Vladimir Lenin –Began hating the Czar’s government as a teenager During college read Marx & began spreading ideas 1895: arrested & sent to Siberia –Exiled to Switzerland

21. A new view of Marx Marx predicted the working class would overthrow capitalism –Russia didn’t have a large proletariat Lenin called for an elite group to lead revolution –Bolsheviks or “majority”

22. Lenin & Germany March 1917- Germany saw a chance to weaken its enemy –Help Lenin return home

23. November/Bolshevik Revolution Red Army (factory workers pro- revolution) –Joined by sailors to help overthrow provisional government Fell without a struggle Bolsheviks came into power –Ended private ownership of land –Workers gained control of factories & mines

24. Brest-Letovsk Treaty Lenin Quickly sought peace with Germany –Signed treaty Gave up land & population

25. THE TREATY

26. NEW BOARDERS

27. Russia Civil War Red Army v. White Army 1918-1922

28. LENIN CLEANING THE EARTH OF FILTH

29. OVER 1 MILLION PEOPLE WAITED TO SAY LAST GOOD-BYE

30. LENIN’S MAUSOLEUM IN RED SQUARE