1. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 1/25 Muon (g-2) to 0.25 ppm B. Lee Roberts on behalf of the New Muon (g-2) Collaboration: E969

2. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 2/25 BNL E969 Collaboration R.M. Carey, I. Logashenko, K.R. Lynch, J.P. Miller, B.L. Roberts Boston University G. Bunce, W. Meng, W. Morse, P. Pile, Y.K. Semertzidis Brookhaven National Laboratory D. Grigoriev, B.I. Khazin, S.I. Redin, Y. M. Shatunov, E. Solodov Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics F.E. Gray, B. Lauss, E.P. Sichtermann UC Berkeley and LBL Y. Orlov – Cornell University J. Crnkovic, P. Debevec, D.W. Hertzog, P. Kammel, S. Knaack, R. McNabb University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign K.L. Giovanetti – James Madison University K.P. Jungmann, C.J.G. Onderwater – KVI Groningen T.P. Gorringe, W. Korsch U. Kentucky P. Cushman – University of Minnesota M. Aoki, Y. Arimoto, Y. Kuno, A. Sato, K. Yamada Osaka University S. Dhawan, F.J.M. Farley – Yale University This group contains the core of E821, and we will build on our strength and experience there.

3. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 3/25 When we started in 1983, theory and experiment were known to about 10 ppm. Theory uncertainty was ~ 9 ppm Exp. uncertainty was 7.3 ppm

4. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 4/25 E821 achieved 0.54 ppm and the e + e - based theory is also at the 0.6 ppm level. Both can be improved. All E821 results were obtained with a “blind” analysis. world average

5. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 5/25 This large number of citations demonstrate widespread interest in the community. Precision measurements provide an alternate path to the frontier of particle physics. Whatever LHC finds, muon (g-2) will provide independent constraints on the parameter space for new physics. 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Citations to E821 Physics Results PRL 82 (1999) PRD 62 (2000) PRL 89 (2002) PRL 92 (2004)  = 1127 PRL 86 (2001) Most cited experimental paper of 2001

6. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 6/25 We measure the difference frequency between the spin and momentum precession 0 With an electric quadrupole field for vertical focusing

7. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 7/25 Inflector Kicker Modules Storage ring Central orbit Injection orbit Pions Target Protons (from AGS)p=3.1GeV/c Experimental Technique Muon polarization Muon storage ring injection & kicking focus by Electric Quadrupoles 24 electron calorimeters R=711.2cm d=9cm (1.45T) Electric Quadrupoles

8. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 8/25 We count high-energy electrons as a function of time.

9. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 9/25 Near sideFar side E821 used a forward decay beam, with p  1.7% above p magic to provide a separation at K3/K4 Pions @ 3.115 GeV/c Decay muons @ 3.094 GeV/c Our models show that by quadrupling the quads and going further above p magic the flash is decreased and the muon flux will grow by approximately 2-3 Pedestal vs. Time We base our request on a modified version of this proven concept.

10. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 10/25 Space limitations prevent matching the inflector exit to the storage aperture Upper Pole Piece

11. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 11/25 The E821 inflector magnet had closed ends which scattered away half the beam. Length = 1.7 m; Central field = 1.45T Open end prototype, built and tested → X2 Increase in Beam

12. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 12/25 E969 needs 5 times the muon flux that E821 stored. Open inflector x 2 Quadruple the quadrupoles x 2 – 3 Beam increase design factor x 4 – 6 At 3% above p magic the reduced injection flash will permit us to begin fitting the data at earlier times (closer to the injection time) than in E821.

13. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 13/25 E969 New Baseline – 0.25 ppm total error Systematic error goals: –for  a : 0.1 ppm –for  p : 0.1 ppm Statistical error goal: –for  a : 0.2 ppm Total Error Goal: –a  : 0.25 ppm Forward beam with 4x quadrupoles New detectors / electronics Upgraded NMR system

14. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 14/25 The error budget for E969 represents a continuation of improvements already made during E821 Field improvements: better trolley calibrations, better tracking of the field with time, improvements in the hardware Precession improvements will involve new scraping scheme, lower thresholds, more complete digitization periods, better energy calibration Systematic uncertainty (ppm)1998199920002001E969 Goal Magnetic field –  p 0.50.40.240.170.1 Anomalous precession –  a 0.80.30.310.210.1 Statistical uncertainty (ppm)4.91.30.620.660.2 Total Uncertainty (ppm)5.01.30.730.720.25

15. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 15/25 The magnetic field is measured and controlled using pulsed NMR and the free-induction decay. Calibration to a spherical water sample that ties the field to the Larmor frequency of the free proton  p Thus we measure  a and  p

16. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 16/25 The ± 1 ppm uniformity in the average field is obtained with special shimming tools. We can shim the dipole, quadrupole sextupole independently E969 will require additional shimming, monitoring and calibration 0.5 ppm contours

17. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 17/25 Field systematic uncertainties, ordered by importance SourceE821 (ppm) E969 (ppm) Comment Calibration of trolley probe0.090.06Improved shimming in the calibration region; improved registration of trolley location in ring Interpolation with fixed probes0.070.06Repairs and retuning of a number of probes to improve the sampling of the ring field Absolute calibration0.05 Could improve using 3 He Trolley measurements of B 0 0.050.02More frequent trolley runs; mechanical maintenance of trolley drive and garage; extensive measurements of trolley NMR probe active volumes Muon distribution0.030.02Simulations of storage ring; improved shimming “Other” eddy currents higher multipoles trolley temp and PS response 0.100.05 in situ measurement of eddy currents Improved shimming Modifications to trolley and PS Total0.170.11

18. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 18/25 New segmented detectors of tungsten / scintillating- fiber ribbons to deal with pile-up System fits in available space We know how to cost and build it. (prototype under construction) Calibration method reasonable Bases will be gated. New custom electronics and DAQ

19. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 19/25 Precession frequency systematic uncertainties, ordered by importance SourceE821 (ppm) E969 (ppm) Comments Gain stability0.120.03Full WFD samples recorded; stability of laser calibration with local reference detectors; single-phase WFDs Lost muons0.090.04New scraping scheme; improved kick Pileup0.080.07Recording all samples, no threshold, will eliminate ambiguity from low-energy pulses CBO: coherent betatron oscillations0.070.04Improved kick; new scraping E and pitch correction0.05 Should be improved with better storage ring simulation, but we keep it as is for now Timing shifts0.020.01Laser calibration; precision determined by amount of data collected AGS background0.01 Sweeper magnet maintained Fit procedure and bin width0.060.01Limited by number of simulated trials performed Vertical waist0.030.01CBO related; see above Other small effects< 0.03< 0.02These either scale with the data set size or from the simulations demonstrating “no effect” Total0.210.11

20. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 20/25 Baselining costs0.4 AGS/Booster Rehab including ES&H11.7 Construction (44% contingency) 12.2 Universities (27% contingency)2.4 Operations (includes FTEs to support cryo and external beam operations) 13.6 Total Costs40.2 Summary: E821 and E969 Costs E821 costs (M$) (as spent $) –Capital 25.0 1989-1998 –Operations 54.0 1998-2001 –Total E821 79.0 E969 Costs (2006 M$)

21. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 21/25 Funds needed to baseline the costs (not included in construction cost estimate) 1.0 g-2 Ring/Building maintenance –1 man month to engineer an air conditioning system for bldg 919 1.1 V/V1 Beam Lines –1 man-months engineering –1 man-months physicist 1.2 Inflector –A quote from the Furukawa Company for superconductor 1.3 E Quads –Nothing new, defendable 1.8 Kicker –Nothing new, defendable 1.11 Cryogenics ( to determine scope) –2 man-months engineering –1 man-month tech 1.12 Vacuum System –1 man-month engineering 1.14 Booster/AGS –0.5 man month engineering –0.5 man month physicist ES&H – review operation within present guidelines –1 man-month physicist –1 man month engineer Preparation of Cost Books, Resource Loaded Schedules, CD0-1 documents etc –4 man-months engineering –4 man--months physicist Summary –11 man-month engineering – 7 man-month physicist – 1 man-month tech Required Budget ~ $360K Calendar Time Required ~ 6-8 months

22. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 22/25 Cost Summary: E969 Construction Experiment Construction, Direct CostsM$ Contingency –G-2 Ring and building$ 0.5621% –V/V1 Beam Line modifications$ 2.5918% –Inflector (open ends)$ 0.6419% –E-Quad rebuild$ 0.1315% –Additional muon Kicker$ 0.4115% –Cryogenic plant rehab$ 0.74233% –Ring Vacuum System $ 0.1629% –Equipment Testing$ 0.6920% –Project Office$ 0.3720% Sub-Total, direct costs$ 6.3 Indirects (reduced)$ 2.2 Contingency (44%)$ 3.7 Sub-Total, with indirects$ 12.2 University (Detectors/DAQ)$ 2.4 Total$ 14.6 FY 2006 $’s

23. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 23/25 Cost Summary: AGS/Booster Restoration to High Intensity AGS/Booster, Direct CostsM$ Contingency –Electrical Modifications$ 2.1122% –Mechanical Modifications$ 1.2520% –RF System Modifications$ 0.6722% –Instrumentation$ 0.3420% –Project Support$ 0.3334% –Controls $ 0.1624% –ES&H (CAPS)$ 2.6328% Sub-Total, direct costs$ 7.5 Indirects (reduced)$ 1.9 Contingency (24%)$ 2.3 Total$ 11.7 FY 2006 $’s

24. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 24/25 E969 Operations Cost Summary Year Wks w/RHIC Wks Alone Physics Wks Cost (M$) 1 st 12 0 3 $ 5.8 2 nd 20 0 15 $ 7.8 Total 34 0 18 $ 13.6 If warranted to push beyond 0.25 ppm, an additional 10-15 week run with RHIC adds ~$6-7M FY 2006 $’s

25. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 25/25 Funding Profile by Year construction operation Construction Operations

26. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 26/25 Summary Historically (g-2) has placed a major hurdle in the path of new theories beyond the standard model. –See the letters from Altarelli, Davier, Ellis, Jackiw, Jaffe, Kane, Wilczek, Winstein The (g-2) result must fit with other evidence into a consistent picture of new physics, e.g.

27. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 27/25 The (g-2) discrepancy is consistent with other constraints on the SUSY LSP being the dark matter candidate. scalar mass gaugino mass CMSSM calculation Following Ellis, Olive, Santoso, Spanos, from K. Olive

28. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 28/25 Future Comparison:  E969 = 0.25 ppm;  E969 =  now

29. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 29/25 Future Comparison:  E969 = 0.25 ppm;  E969  Historically (g-2) has played an important role in restricting models of new physics.

30. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 30/25 Summary, ctd. Historically (g-2) has placed a major hurdle in the path of new theories beyond the standard model. This hurdle is unique and complementary to other information. Theory can and will support the proposed experimental improvement. –See the letters from Davier, De Rafael E969 provides an important opportunity to capitalize on the substantial investment in E821.

31. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 31/25 Closing Points Muon (g-2) will be important to particle physics even beyond the LHC era A large community continues to improve the knowledge of the strong- interaction contribution. E969 will be a wonderful and unique training ground for young scientists. E969 presents a unique opportunity for U.S. particle physics.

32. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 32/25 Extra Projections

33. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 33/25 Also attractive for E969 is a “backward” decay beam, which we continue to model. Pions @ 5.32 GeV/c No hadron-induced prompt flash Expect for both sides By quadrupling the quads, the muon flux will grow by ~1.6, but the hadronic flash will largely be eliminated. new front-end increase of proton beam Decay muons @ 3.094 GeV/c

34. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 34/25 g-2 Experiment Operations (0.5 ppm) FY 2006 $’s

35. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 35/25 g-2 Experiment Operations (0.25 ppm) FY 2006 $’s

36. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 36/25 g-2 Experiment Operations (0.20 ppm) FY 2006 $’s

37. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 37/25 T. Kirk’s 4 Dec 04 letter to DOE Construction Cost - $11M+ –Beam line g-2 ring upgrades etc - $11M –Cost sharing with RSVP of AGS/Booster rehab – discussed but not specified Operations Cost - $9-10M+ –25 week single year cost - $9-10M –3 week engineering run costs – discussed but not specified

38. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 38/25 Variance with T. Kirk’s 4 Dec 04 letter to DOE Construction Cost: $26M today ($9M + $2M Inflector, Kirks letter) –Scope changes: +$4.1M Beam Line – fwd decay (was back decay w/1X FODO) with 4X FODO (-$2M) Contingency for new cryo plant + $2M New Kicker, EQuad Rebuild, Bldg 919 AC + $1M Equipment testing (some with beam) + $1M Project Office + $0.7M Universities (detectors/DAQ) + $1.4M –Revised cost estimates, inflation: (-$1M inflector, + $1M other) –Cost of AGS/Booster rehab: +$11.7M (no cost sharing) Operations Cost: $13M, 2 year base plan –Engineering/data run, one 12 week year - $6M (3 weeks in Kirk’s letter – no costs specified) –Data Runs, one 20 week year – $8M (Kirk’s letter $9-10M for 25 weeks) –Variance ~ consistent with Kirk’s letter

39. B. Lee Roberts, P5: 27 March 2006 - p. 39/25 Milestones/Timeline (by FY) CD0 Beamline design – backward/forward decision; detector prototype; simulations of injection, scraping, CBO damping; decide on scope of cryo work; begin tube/base development +9 Months CD1; Begin electronics engineering CD2 - Engineering on beamline, Cryo CD3 - Start to order long leadtime items e.g. Inflector, rad-hard front- end magnets, etc.; Refurbish storage ring; develop on-line; develop NMR tools for 0.1 ppm. Construction Shim magnet, improve on absolute calibration CD4 - Finish construction, few weeks of low intensity beam Commission experiment, engineering and short physics run Major data collection run 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5