1. OCSALS 2015 Group Project Orientation II 8.28, Fri, wk 7 1

2. Cross-cultural concepts & frameworks 2

3. 3 Culture

4. 4

5. Beliefs, values, & norms 5 # “4”

6. values 6

7. 7

8. Norms 1. Why do Japanese bow? 2. Why do Japanese take their shoes off before going inside? 3. Why are people from certain countries always late? 4. Why do Americans talk to strangers in public? 5. Why do Japanese students remain silent when the teacher asks a question? 8

9. Enryo 9

10. Cross-cultural frameworks 10

11. High and low context cultures (Hall) Cultural dimensions (Hofstede) Types of cultures (Lewis) 11

12. HierarchicalCollectivism Indirect & implicit RelationalNon-verbalCircular Flat Individualism Direct & explicit Factual & logical Verbal Linear High Context Low Context

13. Cultural dimensions: Work-related values (Hofstede) o Power Distance o Individualism o Masculinity o Uncertainty Avoidance o Long time Orientation (Pragmatism) o Indulgence 13

14. Power Distance Index (PDI) 14

15. U.S.A. http://geert-hofstede.com/united-states.html

16. Australia http://geert-hofstede.com/australia.html

17. Mexico http://geert-hofstede.com/mexico.html

18. China http://geert-hofstede.com/china.html

19. India http://geert-hofstede.com/india.html

20. Japan http://geert-hofstede.com/japan.html

21. 21 Cultural Types: The Lewis Model (2006)

22. 22 Multi- Active Linear- Active Reactive

23. 23

24. 24

25. 25

26. Linear-active: Cool, factual, decisive planners Multi-active: Warm, emotional, talkative, impulsive 26 Reactive: Courteous, amiable, accommodating, compromiser, good listener

27. 27