1. CHAPTER 14 Descent into War, 1861 - 1862 Web

2. War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861 Lincoln calls for troops to quell “rebellion” States make decision on secession Northern advantage Population Industry Southern advantages Could fight defensive war Military academies Cotton Strategy for South is to fight defensively, while North wants to capture Mississippi River Anaconda plan

3. Southern Secession ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

4. War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861 (cont.’d) Neither side has clear advantage in civil leaders Confederacy called for 400,000 volunteers, the Union 500,000 Bull Run (Manassas Junction) first real battle J.E.B. Stuart “Stonewall” Jackson Causalities were fairly even, but Confederates won Women participate in war from earliest days Dorothea Dix Clara Barton

5. Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), July 21, 1861

6. War Takes Command: August 1861 to March 1862 Lincoln has problems finding competent generals George McClellan John Fremont War takes tremendous toll from the beginning on economy and homefront Northern blockade is effective against South Trent Affair cuts short southern attempt to get foreign help

7. War Takes Command: August 1861 to March 1862 (cont.’d) General Ulysses Grant successfully pushes towards Mississippi River Fort Donelson Ironclads enter war in both Union and Confederate Navies USS Monitor CSS Virginia

8. Campaigns in the West ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

9. The Union on the Offensive: March to September 1862 With McClellan stalling, Union troops at Shiloh, Tennessee, win victory over South William T. Sherman New Orleans falls to Union troops David Farragut Confederates resort to conscription Seven Days’ War 30,000 killed and wounded Conflict was not decisive for either side

10. Battle of Shiloh, April 6-7, 1862

11. Peninsula Campaign, 1862 ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

12. Slavery under Attack Slavery becomes more central issue Union troops accept runaway slaves as “contrabands” Lincoln begins to plan his Emancipation Proclamation Copperheads South wins Second Battle of Manassas but sustains losses at Antietam 25,000 killed and wounded at Antietam By end of 1862, war is effectively a stalemate

13. Campaigns in Virginia and Maryland, 1862 ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

14. Lee’s Invasion of Maryland, 1862; Battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862 Web

15. Discussion Questions What were the advantages and disadvantages of both the North and the South as the war began? Compare and contrast the war strategies of the Union and Confederacy. Why did the North win? Examine the Emancipation Proclamation. What effect did it have on the war? Evaluate the presidency of Abraham Lincoln. Was he an effective wartime president? What were his greatest mistakes?