1. BELLWORK What power did the church have in Medieval Europe?
Who was Benedict?
Read “Byzantine Foundations” on page 100 and answer the following questions:
How did the Byzantine Empire come into existence?
Why was the city of Constantinople so important to the Byzantine Empire? (List 3 reasons!)
Describe culture and society within the Byzantine Empire.

3. Rise of Monarchies
After Charlemagne’s reign, European monarchs were the primary rulers. Their lands and power were gradually lost to nobles; however, monarchs still built strong states after 1100 AD.
Now, you will focus on the three most powerful monarchies in Medieval Europe: England, France, and Rome.
You also will begin to see how religion plays an important role in government.
Read pages 120 – 122 and answer the following questions in your notes.

4. Rise of Monarchies England Explain how and why England formed.
Who was William the Conqueror? Who advised him?
Explain the changes implemented by William’s successors.
What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?
What is Parliament? Describe how it is set up.
France
Explain the advances of Philip Augustus. How did he weaken the system of Feudalism?
What did Louis IX change in France?
How did Philip IV pay for war? How did the Pope respond?
Holy Roman Empire
Explain how and why the Holy Roman Empire formed?
Explain the two conflicting claims over power.

5. Monarchies
As you know, the most powerful monarchies in Medieval Europe were England, France, and Rome.
Let’s discuss how each king made changes within his kingdom.
Pay attention and fill in any missing information!

6. The Crusades
The Crusades: Series of nine military battles where European Christians tried to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims.

7. The Crusades - background
In the 1000’s, the Seljuk Turks (from Central Asia) took control of Jerusalem and surrounding areas.
Jerusalem was a sacred city for Jews, Muslims and Christians……. All wanted control!
The purpose of the Crusades was for the Christians to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims.
Muslims (Turks/Seljuks) vs. Christians (Rome/Byzantine)
After about 160 years of fighting, the Muslims won!
To learn more about these important religious battles, you are going to complete a worksheet.
We will do some portions together, so follow along!

9. The First Crusade
Ended with the Christian capture of Jerusalem

10. The Second Crusade
In response to the fall of the County of Edessa (one of the first crusader states established during First Crusade)

11. The Third Crusade
In response to the loss of Jerusalem to Muslims.
The Christians were unsuccessful and could not capture the Jerusalem.

12. Nursery Rhymes Nursery Rhymes were the earliest political cartoons.
At the time, it was extremely dangerous to criticize the government, so people disguised their feelings with nursery rhymes.
We are going to read three of the most popular nursery rhymes and learn what they really mean.