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Chapter 8: Labor and Unions

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1 Chapter 8: Labor and Unions
Section 2: The Growth of Labor Unions

2 Labor Union Organization of workers that negotiates with employers for better wages, improved working conditions, and job security

3 Capital – intensive Factory laborers 60 hours a week 10 cent an hour
Industrialization Capital – intensive Factory laborers 60 hours a week 10 cent an hour

4 Described working conditions
The Jungle Upton Sinclair Described working conditions

5 Two Major Unions Craft Unions (plumbers, electricians, carpenters) International Union of Bricklayers Industrial Unions (United Auto Workers)

6 KNIGHTS OF LABOR ONE OF THE FIRST UNIONS
Brought skilled and unskilled workers together Offered membership to women and African Americans Fought For: 8 Hour workday Ending child labor Wanted social and political reform

7 American Federation of Labor
AFL Union of SKILLED workers Higher wages Better working conditions

8 Businesses where workers did not have to join a union
Open Shops Businesses where workers did not have to join a union

9 Workers hired only if join the Union
Closed Shops Workers hired only if join the Union

10 Congress of Industrial Organizations
CIO John L. Lewis Unskilled industrial workers Women & African Americans and other minorities United Steel Workers

11 Union Organization Local Unions (work for a particular company or in a particular area) National Unions (local unions from throughout the country get together) Independent Unions (not affiliated with the AFL-CIO)

12 Challenges to Labor Unions
Union membership has dropped dramatically

13 Oppose Union because unions mean increased wages and lower profits
Employer Opposition Oppose Union because unions mean increased wages and lower profits Workers part of management teams Move to parts of country where Unions aren’t strong Other Countries

14 Changes in Employment Patterns
Shift from manufacturing-based economy to service-based More women and teenagers in workforce

15 Negative Public Opinion
Companies move factories to another country Union members wages are too high Opposed to action of Union Leaders

16 Adopt a more cooperative spirit in the unions dealings with management
Union Responses Adopt a more cooperative spirit in the unions dealings with management

17 GOVERNMENT & UNIONS Government responses to Unions have changed over time 1800s government favored business interests over labor Unions Chicago’s Pullman Palace Car Company factory went on strike Government sent Federal troops in to stop strike TODAY GOVERNMENT PROTECTS RIGHTS OF WORKERS

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