1. Car-to-Car Communication for Accident Avoidance
Car-to-Car Communication for Accident Avoidance
Team Pishro-Nik and Ni
Chris Comack - Simon Tang - Joseph Tochka - Madison Wang
Professor Pishro-Nik
Advisor, Assistant Professor, ECE
Professor Ni
Advisor, Assistant Professor, CEE

2. Background Automobile accidents are both dangerous and costly
Over 42,000 fatalities in the United States in 2005.
More than 2.9 Million injuries from 6.4 Million car accidents annually.
Combined cost of 230+ Billion dollars per year.
Responsible for 5% of preventable deaths each year (JAMA).
Goal: To provide a system to reduce these rates by warning drivers before a collision happens. How?
Use GPS to track position and OBD-II to monitor speed and acceleration of vehicles.
Communicate this information among cars on the road via Dedicated Short Range Communication in the 5.9GHz spectrum.
Government has allocated this spectrum specifically for Intelligent Transportation Systems – the responsibility is now on engineers to implement it!
Journal of the american medical association
Source: Mokdad AH, Marks JS, et al. (March 2004). "Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000". JAMA 291 (10): 1238–45.

3. Overview of System and Goals
PDR schedule anticipated having each separate module working and interfacing with a single microcontroller unit by midway point.
Goals partially met:
Design, prototyping and coding completed in part for each module.
Circuits for OBD-II interface and Ethernet controller built – still need full implementation of code.
Code for GPS and microcontroller partially completed.
To be completed: testing and analysis of data, integration of system components with MCU, coding of collision detection algorithm and network protocol.

4. Scenario
chris

5. Scenario

6. Proposed Solution Use of Car to Car Communication
Cars 2 & 3 emit audio warning indicating Car 1 is decelerating rapidly.
The cars operators have more time to respond to dangerous situation, decreasing risk of collision.

7. Design & Requirements
Utilize OBD-II to find speed, acceleration, pedal position, and other information from cars computer
Standard on cars made after 1996 – more than 60% of the ~250 Million registered cars on the road in the US.
Use GPS to find location of vehicle
DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) Transceiver for communication between vehicles
System must be scalable and expandable

8. Block Level Diagram

9. Transceiver Specifications
Denso DSRC Wireless Transceiver
802.11p compliant ~5.9 GHz
Ethernet communication
Testing currently in progress
madison

10. Transceiver

11. Transceiver Testing

12. Transceiver Test Results
Logic Analyzer test with 32 byte test packet

13. Transceiver – Things to Come
Confirm Range (at least 150 m)
DENSO claims kbps
Confirm receiving functionality
Implement ability to receive and send from multiple sources
Use of Medium Access Control
CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense with Multiple Access Collision Avoidance) – IN PROGRESS

14. Packet Components Time Sent ID# Sender ID# Position Velocity
Acceleration

15. CSMA/CA Protocol
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (MAC)
Reduces the chance of collisions because the channel is sensed before transmission.
Hidden Terminal Problem
Possible Solutions: increase power to nodes, use omni-directional antennas, remove obstacles, move the node, use protocol enhancement software, using space diversity
RTS/CTS
chri

16. Global Positioning System
Serial Transmit/Receive
Transmit at 4800 baud - Coded
Receive at 4800 baud - Coded
Communication Protocol
Communication interface – In Progress / partially coded
Get position
Test Cases
Validate responses
Compare Latitude and Longitude
simon

17. Global Positioning System
Metallic object may greatly reduce the accuracy of the GPS because of reflection of signals
There are atmospheric conditions that increase error in GPS
The system accuracy will not be greatly effected because the other GPS will be experiencing the same conditions

18. General Information
The unit will only keep information about other vehicles for a limited time. After this duration, the information about this vehicle will be cleared. The unit will only keep the most updated information on any vehicles
There will be different audio warnings

19. OBD-II Implementation
On Board Diagnostic – standard protocol
Proprietary standards from different manufacterers
Government mandates certain information must be provided, including:
Speed, acceleration, pedal position

20. Deliverables Working communication between multiple cars
Each unit integrates correctly between GPS, OBD-II, integrated transceiver, and microcontroller
Demonstration of real world functionality