1. The Western Frontier 1871-1905

2. Changes that took place in the west between 1871 and 1905 devastated the old ways. –N.W.M.Police was establish –The Canadian Pacific Railroad –Increased population –Two new provinces

3. A few events that preceded the opening of the west were: –Confederation –Sale of Rupert’s Land- 1870 –Manitoba the 5th Province –British Columbia - 6th Province - 1871

6. Who lived in this vast area? 30,000 natives 12,000 non-natives By 1880 more Europeans Many people armed, many still involved in the fur trade

7. Problems? Surveying not complete Native land claims Fur trade

8. The Whiskey Trade N.W.T. huge, hard to govern No fence between U.S. and Canada Traders set up post anywhere Good area was southern Alberta Could slip back and forth accross the boarder Trade whiskey for furs

9. Effects of the Whiskey Trade: Trade of rot-gut whiskey devastating Disease,malnutrition Trade buffalo, horses,food, wives

10. Cypress Hills Massacre May 1874: Whiskey traders from the U.S. attacked a group of Assiniboine who they thought had stolen their horses Traders shot 30 natives Shocked Canadian government but not American

11. Canadian response: Recruit men into a new policing unit called the North West Mounted Police 1873 arrived in Winnipeg, trained during the winter, marched in July

12. March West: 1874 Left with 200 carts and men Summer hot, little water Spilt the group, sending one party to Ft Edmonton the other to Fort Whoop-up Restored order Natives protected. Development was orderly