1. Chapter 3: The Constitution Section 1: Structure and Principles Section 2: Three Branches of Government Section 3: Amending the Constitution Section 4: The Amendments Section 1: Structure and Principles Section 2: Three Branches of Government Section 3: Amending the Constitution Section 4: The Amendments

2. Section 1: Structure & Principles I. Structure A. The Preamble sets forth the goals of the government. (what are they?) B. There are _____ main parts called ______. Each article covers a _______________. C. Part ___ includes the ________________. I. Structure A. The Preamble sets forth the goals of the government. (what are they?) B. There are _____ main parts called ______. Each article covers a _______________. C. Part ___ includes the ________________. Article I: ________Branch Article II: the _________ Branch Article III: The ______________Branch Article IV: ______ among _____________ Article V: _________ the ______________ Article VI: National ____________ Article VII: ________ of the Constitution Article I: ________Branch Article II: the _________ Branch Article III: The ______________Branch Article IV: ______ among _____________ Article V: _________ the ______________ Article VI: National ____________ Article VII: ________ of the Constitution

3. II: Six Major Principles A. Popular ________(rule by the people) B. Federalism (power divided between _____ and _____ govts) C. Separation of ______ among the branches A. Popular ________(rule by the people) B. Federalism (power divided between _____ and _____ govts) C. Separation of ______ among the branches D. Checks and balances ensure that ________________of government can become too powerful. This idea comes from a French _____________ named _____________ and his book The ________ of the _________ E. ________________ is implied since there’s a judicial branch D. Checks and balances ensure that ________________of government can become too powerful. This idea comes from a French _____________ named _____________ and his book The ________ of the _________ E. ________________ is implied since there’s a judicial branch

4. Major principles continued F. _____________government, by which the constitution limits government actions by _________ its powers and listing powers it ________________, preserves the right of the people to ___________________________.

5. Section 1 Discussion Questions 1. Why did the Founders not spell out every aspect of how government would function? 2. Both federalism and separation of powers divide the powers of government. Compare these two methods of dividing power.

6. Section 2: Three Branches of Government I. The Legislative Branch A. The powers given to ________by the Constitution are found in Article ____ section 8 B. How does the role of Congress today compare to how its job is described in the Constitution? I. The Legislative Branch A. The powers given to ________by the Constitution are found in Article ____ section 8 B. How does the role of Congress today compare to how its job is described in the Constitution? II: The Executive Branch A.The Founders wanted a _______________ but only vaguely described the powers of the president. B.Article _____, sections __ & __ describe the specific powers of _________________. C.How does the job of the president compare to the job described in the Constitution? II: The Executive Branch A.The Founders wanted a _______________ but only vaguely described the powers of the president. B.Article _____, sections __ & __ describe the specific powers of _________________. C.How does the job of the president compare to the job described in the Constitution?

7. III:The Judicial Branch A. The U.S. has two levels of courts, ______courts and ______ courts. The _______of the case and the ______________det ermine the ___________ over the case. The Supreme Court first exercised its right to ___________ in 1803 with the _________________ case. This was the first time the court declared a law unconstitutional.

8. IV: Shared Power and Conflict A. The ________and _________branches must __________ to produce effective _________, but some _________ is inevitable. B. In modern history, one major source of conflict has been the ________ of executive power. A. The ________and _________branches must __________ to produce effective _________, but some _________ is inevitable. B. In modern history, one major source of conflict has been the ________ of executive power. C. _________has the power to limit _________authority, but is reluctant to use it. D. The Supreme Court depends on the president and the executive branch (agencies) to carry out its decisions. What would be an example? C. _________has the power to limit _________authority, but is reluctant to use it. D. The Supreme Court depends on the president and the executive branch (agencies) to carry out its decisions. What would be an example?

9. Discussion Questions for section 2 1. How did the power of judicial review enable the judicial branch to gain an equal status with the other two branches of government? 2. In what ways are cooperation and conflict among the branches of government valuable to the U.S. system of government?

10. Section 3: Amending the Constitution I. The Amendment Process A. Article _____describes how __________ and the ________ can change the Constitution. B. Two methods are described in the Constitution but only one has ever been used. I. The Amendment Process A. Article _____describes how __________ and the ________ can change the Constitution. B. Two methods are described in the Constitution but only one has ever been used. C. When Congress ________ an amendment, the states ___________ it by a _____ vote of their state _________ or the states may call a ____________________c onvention. (when might this latter method be used?) D. ____________sets the time limit for how long the states have to ratify an amendment. C. When Congress ________ an amendment, the states ___________ it by a _____ vote of their state _________ or the states may call a ____________________c onvention. (when might this latter method be used?) D. ____________sets the time limit for how long the states have to ratify an amendment.

11. II: Informal Changes Four main types: 1. 2. 3. 4. Four main types: 1. 2. 3. 4. Examples: Congress has passed laws over time that have clarified what we understand the Constitution to mean, such as the power to “lay and collect taxes”

12. Informal changes continued __________ have ____________ over time, such as President Tyler’s use of presidential succession. (His actions weren’t officially endorsed until the 25th amendment was ratified in 1967.) Presidents use ________________ ______________ to deal with other nations without congressional approval. Many modern presidents have presented their own legislative agendas to Congress (_______________) Presidents use ________________ ______________ to deal with other nations without congressional approval. Many modern presidents have presented their own legislative agendas to Congress (_______________)

13. Informal changes continued The _____________ changes how we interpret the Constitution through its use of ________________. The Court’s rulings can change over time to ________________ ________________ (Plessy and Brown, for instance) The _____________ changes how we interpret the Constitution through its use of ________________. The Court’s rulings can change over time to ________________ ________________ (Plessy and Brown, for instance) ______________ are not discussed in the Constitution, but they have informally changed the way _____________ work.

14. Section 4: The Amendments You will need to be able to identify what each of the 27 amendments says. The first 10 are known as the Bill of Rights The 13th, 14th and 15th are known as the Civil War amendments. Try to group them by theme to help you learn them. You will need to be able to identify what each of the 27 amendments says. The first 10 are known as the Bill of Rights The 13th, 14th and 15th are known as the Civil War amendments. Try to group them by theme to help you learn them. For example, which amendments deal with voting rights? Which ones deal with the rights of the accused?, etc. Go online and find quizzes to help you study. For example: http://www.funtrivia. com/dir/10214.html For example, which amendments deal with voting rights? Which ones deal with the rights of the accused?, etc. Go online and find quizzes to help you study. For example: http://www.funtrivia. com/dir/10214.html

15. Section 4 Discussion Questions 1. How does the due process clause protect individuals? 2. “The Bill of Rights protected citizens’ rights, but some of the later amendments extended citizens’ rights.” Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Defend your answer.

16. Key Clauses Be sure you can identify, explain and locate the following clauses: 1. The “necessary and proper clause” AKA the “elastic clause 2. The “due process clause” Be sure you can identify, explain and locate the following clauses: 1. The “necessary and proper clause” AKA the “elastic clause 2. The “due process clause” 3. The “free exercise” clause 4. The “supremacy clause” 5. The “equal protection” clause 3. The “free exercise” clause 4. The “supremacy clause” 5. The “equal protection” clause