1. PREAMBLE
Article 1
Amendments 11-27
Article 2
Bill of
Rights
U.S. Constitution
Article 3
Article 7
Article 4
Article 6
Article 5

2. PREAMBLE FORM A MORE PERFECT UNION
HAVE LIBERTY FOR OUSELVES AND DESCENDANTS
ESTABLISH JUSTICE
PREAMBLE
PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE
INSURE DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY
PROVIDE FOR THE COMMON DEFENSE

3. A More Perfect Union
U.S. was operating under Articles of Confederation (a type of Constitution)
Was a limited form of gov’t.
COULD NOT
COLLECT TAXES
REGULATE TRADE
Had to ask states for money

4. A More Perfect Union COULD Deal with foreign countries Borrow money
Declare war
Run a post office
COULD NOT
Enforce laws

5. Under Articles of confederation, there were no national courts
Establish Justice
Under Articles of confederation, there were no national courts
Had to depend on state courts for justice

6. Make sure the country was peaceful
Domestic Tranquility
Make sure the country was peaceful

7. Common Defense
Since the country could not tax but had to ask states for money, hard to have an army and navy

8. Promote the General Welfare
Take care of the citizens
But, without money, hard to do

9. Freedom for all and our posterity (children)
Liberty
Freedom for all and our posterity (children)

10. 3 Branches of Gov’t.
JUDICIARY
LEGISLATIVE
EXECUTIVE

14. Legislative Branch Senate and House of Representatives Make our laws
Appropriate Money
Regulate Immigration
Establish Post Offices and Roads
Regulate Interstate Commerce and Transportation
Declare War
Impeach and trial

15. Legislative Branch Each state gets two Senators
HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES
Each state gets representatives according to population
Illinois has 19 Representatives
SENATE
Each state gets two Senators

16. Aaron Schock
Richard Durbin
Mark Kirk

17. House of Representatives Qualifications
25 years old
Live in district
7 years a U.S. citizen

18. Duties of House All money bills start in House
Impeach members of Executive and Judiciary
Seat or not seat members
Make rules for chamber
Keep a record

19. Senate 6 year term U.S. citizen for 9 years Live in state
V.P. is President of Senate – When gone, elects its own President. (Shared powers)
Judges impeachments

20. Law Making Process Bills passed by one house go to the other
If approved go to President for approval
If approved, become law
If not, sent back to Congress
Can over ride with 2/3 vote of each house

21. Powers of Congress
Go to page 232 of Text.

22. Powers Denied to Congress
Can’t stop slave trade until 1808
Can’t suspend Habeas Corpus unless emergency
No Bills of Attainder or Ex-Post Facto Laws
No direct taxes (amended)
Can’t tax exports between states

23. Powers Denied to Congress
No preference in trade
Money spent - Must pass a bill and publish money spent
No titles of nobility

24. Powers Denied to States
Treaties with other countries
Declare war or engage in war
Coin money
Bills of attainder or ex-post facto laws
Titles of nobility
No import – export laws
No armed forces except militia

25. House of Representatives
Compare - Contrast
Senate
House of Representatives
Chosen by State Legislatures – Changed by amendment to election by people
6 year term
Age 30
U.S. citizen 9 years
Live in state
Elected by the people
2 year term
Age 25
U.S. Citizen 7 years
Live in district

26. Powers of Senate Chose President Pro – Tem
Vote on bills sent by House of Rep.
Judge impeachment trials
Approve
1. Presidential appointments
2. Treaties

27. Executive Branch President and Vice President
Qualifications
Natural born citizen
35 years old
Resident of U.S. for 14 years

28. EXECUTIVE BRANCH President and Vice President
Appoint (with approval of Senate) persons to be in charge of parts of Government, Ambassadors, and Judges
Commander-in-chief of Armed forces
Grant reprieves and pardons
State of the Union – info to Congress

29. Convene one or both Houses Adjourn both houses if they can’t agree
Executive Branch
Convene one or both Houses
Adjourn both houses if they can’t agree
Receive ambassadors
Execute the laws

30. Can one person do all this?
NO!! Who helps the President? The Cabinet What is the Cabinet?

31. Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of State Secretary of War
The Cabinet
In Washington’s day it was
Secretary of the Treasury
Secretary of State
Secretary of War
Attorney General

33. The Cabinet Secretary of State Secretary of the Treasury
Under Lincoln
Secretary of State
Secretary of the Treasury
Secretary of War
Attorney General
Postmaster General
Secretary of the Navy
Secretary of the Interior

35. Obama’s Cabinet
Treasury
State
Defense
Attorney General
Agriculture
Commerce
Education

36. Energy
Health and Human Services
Homeland Security
Housing and Urban Development
Interior
Labor
Transportation
Veterans Affairs

38. Electing a President
When you vote, do ACTUALLY elect a President? NO!! The Electoral College elects the President

39. How it works When you vote, you are actually electing ELECTORS
If more Republican votes are in a state, there are Republican electors
If more Democratic votes are in a state, there are Democratic electors

40. Illinois had 21 electoral votes 19 Representatives + 2 Senators
How it works
Example
Illinois had 21 electoral votes
19 Representatives
Senators
= 21 Electoral votes

41. 538 electors

42. Article 3 The Judicial Branch
1 Supreme Court
As many lesser (inferior) Courts as Congress makes
Judges serve until
1. They quit or retire
2. Removed for bad behavior
Judges get paid and their pay cannot be cut

43. Jurisdiction Constitutional law cases Ambassadors
Cases when the U.S. is sued of the U.S. sues
Cases between 2 states
The U.S., its citizens and other countries

44. Trials are by jury in the state where the crime was committed
Trial by Jury
Trials are by jury in the state where the crime was committed
Except impeachment

45. Must be 2 witnesses of an action Admission of guilt
Treason
Warring against the U.S.
Helping U.S. enemies
Must be 2 witnesses of an action
Admission of guilt

46. Article 4 States
Every state must recognize public acts of other states:
SUCH AS
Marriage
Drivers licenses
Every state MUST allow privileges to all no matter what state they are from

47. Extradition
If a person runs from the law and are caught in another state, they must be returned to the state where they are charged.

48. Under the original Constitution, run away slaves had to be returned.
Fugitive Slaves
Under the original Constitution, run away slaves had to be returned.
This was changed by the 13th Amendment banning slavery

49. New States New states can be admitted by Congress NOTE:
The Constitution doesn’t way how this will be done, SO, how did we get the rules?
THE ELASTIC CLAUSE
New states cannot be made from old states with approval.

50. Federal Lands
What doesn’t belong to a state or a private individual is Federal land and can be sold by the U.S. Gov’t.

51. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MUST
Protection
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MUST
Protect states from foreign invasion
Help with domestic violence
Guarantee a republican form of government

52. Article 5 Amendments The Constitution can be changed by amendment
PROCEDURE
2/3 OF Congress propose amendment then approved by ¾ of the states
2/3 of states propose amendments then approved by ¾ of the states

53. Article 6 Debts, Supremacy, Oath
All debts from the Revolution will be paid by the U.S., not the states
The Constitution is the SUPREME law of the U.S.
Everyone elected and appointed to U.S. and state offices must take an oath
No religious test – it doesn’t matter what church you go to

54. When 9 states ratify, the Constitution takes effect
Article 7 Ratification
When 9 states ratify, the Constitution takes effect

55. First 10 are called the Bill of Rights
Amendments
First 10 are called the Bill of Rights

56. Amendments
Freedom of
Speech
Religion
Press
Assembly
Petition

57. Amendments
2. Right to bear arms

58. Amendments
3. No quartering of troops – the government cannot put soldiers in your house to live

59. 4. No unreasonable searches and seizures
Amendments
4. No unreasonable searches and seizures

60. Amendments
Grand jury indictment
No double jeopardy
No forced confessions
Due process of law required
Private property cannot be taken without compensation

61. Amendments
Speedy and public jury trial
Defendant knows the charges
Cross examine witnesses
Present own witnesses
Have an attorney

62. Amendments
Jury trials in civil cases
Once a jury rules, no other court can examine the facts

63. Amendments
8. No excessive bail
No excessive fines
No cruel or unusual punishment

64. Amendments
9. There are more rights than just the Bill of Rights and the government cannot claim those or take them away.

65. Amendments
10. If a power is NOT given to the Federal Government, that power belongs to the states

66. 13. No slavery in the U.S., territories or possessions
Amendments
13. No slavery in the U.S., territories or possessions

67. Amendments
If you were born in the U.S. or naturalized, you are a citizen
No state can take away your rights as a citizen
No state can take your life, liberty or property without due process of law
Every citizen must be treated equally

68. Amendments
15. Right to vote no matter what your skin color, or previous servitude

69. Amendments
19. Women’s right to vote

70. 24. Cannot tax people for voting right
Amendments
24. Cannot tax people for voting right

71. Amendments
26. Lowered voting age to 18