1. Warm Up
What was the outcome of the Great Compromise? Why did this work? What do you think of the 3/5 Compromise? What themes are you noticing in early American history?

2. 3/5th Compromise

4. Economics…

5. Themes of Early America
North vs South
Rich vs Poor
Taxes
States’ Rights vs Federal Rights
Do we still see any of these in modern America?

6. States’ Rights

7. Refresher
What sparked the decision to write a new Constitution?

9. The Constitutional Convention: 1787, Philadelphia
55 delegates from every state besides Rhode Island “Well read, well bred, well fed” Most vocal: James Madison and Alexander Hamilton Trying to fix the problems with the Articles of Confederation

10. Theories of Government
“If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself.
James Madison, Federalist 51
“Father of the Constitution”

12. Theories of Government: Contrasting Ideals

14. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation:
Each state only had one vote in Congress, regardless of size
Congress didn't have the power to tax, or to regulate foreign and interstate commerce
There was no executive branch to enforce any acts passed by Congress
There was no national court system
Amendments to the Articles of Confederation required a unanimous vote
Laws required a 9/13 majority to pass in Congress
States could make their own money.

15. The Constitution: 1789
Completed! Not ratified (yet) What do you think the author was worried about?

16. The Constitution: main ideas
Popular Sovereignty- the people are the source of power.
Separation of powers.
Checks and balances.
Federalism-State and Federal
Limited government.
Individual rights (limits on government: the Bill of Rights)

17. Clauses of the Constitution

18. The Constitution The Supremacy Clause-Federal law trumps state law.
Clauses:
The Supremacy Clause-Federal law trumps state law.
Full Faith and Credit Clause- states must recognize each other’s laws
Commerce Clause- regulate interstate commerce
The Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)- Congress has the power to pass any law that is “necessary and proper” for carrying out the enumerated powers

19. Powers

20. Powers Expressed/Enumerated Powers ( delegated powers): listed powers.
Article 1, section 8:
Raise taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, declare war, grant patents and copyrights…
Implied Powers: Powers that are not stated, but are necessary to carrying out the mission of the Constitution.
Highways, dams, prohibiting racial discrimination
Inherent Powers: Powers that the government has because it is a government.
Regulate immigration, deport aliens, acquire territory, grant diplomatic recognition (or not) to other nations, protect against rebellion