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Published byMariah Jenkins Modified over 9 years ago
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Body Composition
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What is body composition? The ratio of lean body mass to body fat Generally this is a topic many physical educators try to avoid Although “exact” figures for % fat may not be necessary, it is important for students to understand the relationship of physical activity to body comp
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Adolescent Body Fat Males: min. = 10%, max = 25% Females: min = 17%, max = 32%
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Definitions of Overweight: ( Based on ht /wt tables) Moderately Overweight 20% over desirable body weight Severely overweight 40% over desirable body weight Burton, Foster, Hirsch, and Van Itallie, Health implications of obesity: An NIH consensus development conference. Int J. Obesity, 9, 155-169, 1985. Problem: Ht/Wt tables do not take muscles mass into account
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Obesity 120 percent of ideal body weight or greater
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Overweight and Obesity: New Mexico 58% of New Mexico adults are overweight or obese. (CDC BRFSS, 2004) 18% of non-Hispanic white adults and 25% of Hispanic adults in New Mexico are obese. (CDC BRFSS, 2004)
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Overweight and Obesity: New Mexico 24% of New Mexico high-school students are overweight or at risk of becoming overweight. (NM YRRS, 2003) 22% of low-income children between 2 and 5 years of age in New Mexico are overweight or at risk of becoming overweight. (CDC PedNSS, 2002)
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990 No Data <10% 10%–14% (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1996 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2001 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25% (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2004 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25% (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
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Possible factors for overweight/obesity Cultural differences Eating disorders Fast food Inactivity Contentment with body weight TV time Genetics
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Relate to other HR components MS & E: muscles cells burn more calories at rest than fat calories Aerobic: raise BMR and burns calories; more effective than MS & E training Flexibility: less prone to injury when doing aerobic activity and strength and endurance training Aerobics + resistance= best management
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Body Composition Assessment
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Body Comp Tests Skinfold calipers Tricep Calf Body Mass Index Under 25 considered safe =wt(kg)/ht 2 (m 2 ) Waist to hip ratio Above.86 females Above.95 men Indicate higher risks Apples rather than pears Ht-wt charts
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Skinfold Technique Subcutaneous Fat Skinfold Thickness Skin Subcutaneous Fat Layers of subcutaneous fat are measured at different sites of body to estimate total body fat levels
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Benefits of Skinfold Technique Fairly accurate Easy to perform Inexpensive Skinfold Sites for Children: tricep & calf Not as “invasive” as adult sites
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Body Composition Assessment Implications of Results Values are estimates (+/- 2-3% at best) Values are personal and confidential Proper uses of results: - Serve as baseline data for repeated testing - Provide motivation for goal setting - Provide awareness about health risks
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BMI BMI = weight in pounds Ht in inches x ht in inches x 703 Advantages: 1. Takes little class time Disadvantage: 1. BMI is age and gender specific 2. Over-simplifies body composition
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BMI Chart for children Underweight: BMI-for-age < 5th percentile Less than 18.5 Normal: BMI-for-age 5th percentile to < 85th percentile 18.5-22 At risk of overweight: BMI-for-age 85th percentile to < 95th percentile 22-25 Overweight: BMI-for-age > 95th percentile 25.1-29.9
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Class Activity Since body composition is a private matter, what would you want your students to know about this component of fitness and how would you teach it with sensitivity?
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