1. ICT & Crime Viruses & malware

2. What is a virus? A computer virus is a piece of software that can 'infect' a computer (install itself) and copy itself to other computers, without the users knowledge or permission. Most computer viruses come with some kind of 'payload' - the malware that does something to your computer.

3. What can viruses do? For example, the virus might install some spyware (software that watches what you do with your computer) or a keylogger. It might search your computer for credit card information, or it might install software that gives someone remote control of your computer (turning it into a 'zombie').

4. How viruses work

5. What is Malware? Malware is short for malicious software. Malware is the name given to any software that could harm a computer system, interfere with a user's data, or make the computer perform actions without the owner's knowledge or permission. Basically malware is software that you really don't want to have on your computer! Read this news story

6. Some examples of malware Spyware (spies on you) Adware (pops up adverts all the time) Root kits (allow a hacker full access to your computer)

7. Where does malware come from? Installing software that seems ok, but has malware hidden inside (known as a 'Trojan Horse'). Having their computer hacked, and the software installed by the hacker. Visiting dodgy websites and clicking on infected links The computer being infected by a computer virus People can end up with malware installed on their computer system in a variety of ways:

8. Common malware Ironically, one of the most infamous bits of spyware around is called Antivirus XP or RapidAntiVirus This software is advertised as a genuine anti-virus product (for free too!), but if you install it, you've actually installed some malware. The software will 'scan' your computer, then tell you that your computer is infected. You'll then be bullied with endless pop-ups into paying a fee to have your computer 'disinfected'.

9. In fact… … the only infection you really have is the fake anti-virus! It is estimated that the creators of this malware have made millions of dollars from innocent, gullible computer users. It's best to assume that if software is given away for free, there is probably something dodgy about it - Use Google to check any software out before downloading and installing

10. Where do they come from? Viruses and malware are pieces of code – that is, they are created or written by other computer users.

11. Why do people write these programs? Sociopathy: Many virus writers are just troublemakers--or maybe just troubled individuals-- who want to create havoc and then thrive on the attention it generates. They are the electronic equivalents of graffiti artists, prank phone callers, etc., looking for fame and glory in a rather twisted way.

12. Why do people write these programs? Revenge: Sometimes viruses or Trojan horses are written by disgruntled employees or others who want to get back at someone or make a statement.

13. Why do people write these programs? The Challenge: Some virus writers do it just to see if they can away with it. As virus detection software gets smarter, virus writers have to employ new tricks to have their "products" evade notice.

14. Why do people write these programs? Education: Writing viruses, especially ones smart enough to avoid detection, requires a great deal of technical know-how. Some people take up virus writing to teach themselves how to program at a low-level within the PC. It's ironic, but experienced virus writers are among the most technically skilled PC programmers in the world! What a waste, isn't it?

15. How can you protect yourself? Install anti-virus software and keep it up-to-date (this is the most important thing you can do!) Install anti-malware software (stops software installing without your knowledge) Never download and install software from the Internet unless you are certain it is from a source you can trust Don’t open e-mail attachments unless you have scanned them (even a file that seems to be a picture can contain a virus)

16. How can you protect yourself? Don’t click links in websites that seem suspicious (if a site is offering prizes / free stuff / etc. be suspicious!) If someone gives you a memory stick or CD-ROM, run a virus scan on it before opening any files. Don’t trust cracked versions of software from file-sharing sites (often these have viruses and other malware added to them - a Trojan horse)