1. Key challenges? A. Future drivers of change in nutrient management 1)Population increase and food security 2)Environment quality and climate change 3)Land consolidation 4)Resources (water, P rock, land,etc) availability 5)Diet 6)Changing profile of the farmer community

2. Key challenges? B. The state of data and understanding surrounding nutrient cycles in agroecosystems 1) Along with the whole food chain (crop->livestock- >processing->consumption), less complete and accurate data on nutrient cycles 2) Annual cropland soil monitoring (SOM, TN, Olsen P, Avai K, pH) implemented in counties of developed region, like Huantai 3) Surface water quality monitoring (TN, NH4-N, TP) by Department of environment for main river bodies 4) Groundwater: very few (some by research projects, e.g. Huantai for 2002, 2007, 2012)

3. Key challenges? C.Designing and implementing appropriate policy and practice 1) Policy and regulation in place but not detailed and complete, especially few detailed and feasible rewarding and punishment implementation rules 2) Implementation are far less than satisfactory 3) For smallholder farm, farmers does not care the cost 4) Farmers’ concerns for food shortage,particularly for elder population 5) No or low trust for technicians 6) Inappropriate evaluation systems for scientists especially from University

4. Key challenges? D. What is driving farmer behaviour (e.g. in terms of fertiliser management) 1) Ongoing labor force change in rural area 2) Better environmental quality 3) Comfortable working conditions