1. DynAMITe: a Wafer Scale Sensor for Biomedical Applications M. Esposito 1, T. Anaxagoras 2, A. Fant 2, K. Wells 1, A. Kostantinidis 3, J. Osmond 4, P. Evans 4, R. Speller 3 and N. Allinson 2 1 University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K. 2 University of Lincoln, Lincoln, U.K 3 University College London, London, U.K. 4 Institute for Cancer Research, Sutton, U.K. The 9th International Conference on Position Sensitive Detectors Aberystwyth 12 th - 16 th September 2011 +

2. Contents Biomedical imaging requirements Large area imaging detector with bimodal dynamic range and resolution Pixel structure and readout architecture Optical testing Conversion gain/ Read Noise/ Quantum efficiency/ FWC Charge collection test Non destructive readout- two separated readouts M.EspositoPSD9 Aberystwyth 15.09.2011 1/14

3. Large area imaging detectors http://lemur.cmp.uea.ac.uk/ K. Lee et al., J. Bone Joint. Surg. Am. 2010;92:2709-18. http://www.aesociety.org/ Large Area Detectors Near real time frame rate Flat Panel Imagers Large pixels High noise Low frame rate Artefacts CMOS APS M.EspositoPSD9 Aberystwyth 15.09.2011 2/14

4. Biomedical Imaging detectors Large Pixels → High dynamic range Small Pixels → Low Noise High Spatial Resolution Low Noise High Spatial Resolution High Dynamic range M.EspositoPSD9 Aberystwyth 15.09.2011 3/14

5. The DynAMITe detector 12.8 cm × 12.8 cm 2 side buttable Dynamic range Adjustable for Medical Imaging Technology M.EspositoPSD9 Aberystwyth 15.09.2011 4/14

6. DynAMITe: sensor architecture 1260×1280 Pixels (P) 100  m pitch Different reset voltages → 2520×2560 Sub-Pixels (SP) 50  m pitch Different depletion widths M.EspositoPSD9 Aberystwyth 15.09.2011 5/14

7. Single Pixel readout Reset (S)P1 Reset (S)P2 Pixel Select (S)P2 Select (S)P1 Out (S)P1Out (S)P2 Frame rate SP i @15 fps → SP @30 fps P i @45 fps → P @90 fps Region of interest (100×100) SP i @370fps → SP i @740 fps M.EspositoPSD9 Aberystwyth 15.09.2011 6/14

8. DynAMITe: readout Pixels Sub-Pixels Pixels & Sub-Pixels Pixels & Sub-Pixels (ROI) Sub-Pixels & Pixels (ROI) Non destructive readout Online dose sensing M.EspositoPSD9 Aberystwyth 15.09.2011 7/14

9. Radiation hardness 38 MeV protons 1.5 MeV photons A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 M.EspositoPSD9 Aberystwyth 15.09.2011 8/14

10. First images with DynAMITe M.EspositoPSD9 Aberystwyth 15.09.2011 9/14

11. Optical performance (Sub-Pixels) Conversion Gaine-/DN50.0±0.2 Read Noisee-149.9±0.7 Full Well Capacity10 5 e-2.8±0.2 Quantum Efficiency%45.2 Dynamic RangedB65.3 Linearity%65.2 Integral Non Linearity%0.4 523 nm M.EspositoPSD9 Aberystwyth 15.09.2011 10/14

12. Charge collection tests M.EspositoPSD9 Aberystwyth 15.09.2011 11/14

13. Non destructive readout (I) time Signal SP2 ResetSP1 SP1 T2 2×T23×T24×T2 = T1 SP2 sampled @ T2 SP1 sampled and reset @T1 T2<T1 T2 2×T2 3×T2 4×T2 SP2 RESET M.EspositoPSD9 Aberystwyth 15.09.2011 12/14

14. Non destructive readout ROI (SP2) sampled @ 26.3 fps Full frame (SP1)sampled and reset @3.6 fps M.EspositoPSD9 Aberystwyth 15.09.2011 13/14

15. Conclusions Dynamite sensor High dynamic range Low Noise High Spatial Resolution Several readout modalities Optical characterisation (Sub-Pixel camera) 45% QE 150 e- read noise 2.8 × 10 5 e - FWC Charge collection tests / Non destructive readout Future applications: Radiotherapy portal imaging Breast mammography Diffraction imaging Electrophoresis M.EspositoPSD9 Aberystwyth 15.09.2011 14/14

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