2. First-aid for sprain and strain

3. A sprain results from overstretching or tearing a ligament (fibrous tissue that connects bones), a tendon (tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone) or a muscle. A strain occurs when a muscle or tendon is overstretched or overexerted.

4. Common causes for sprains and strains are falls, twisting a limb, sports injuries and over- exertion. Both sprains and strains result in pain and swelling. The amount of pain and swelling depends on the extent of damage

5. First-aid for sprain and strain (known as RICE) Rest the injured part of the body. Ice: apply ice packs or cold compresses for up to 10 or 15 minutes at a time every few hours for the first 2 days to prevent swelling. Compression: wearing an elastic compression bandage for at least 2 days will reduce swelling. Elevation: keep the injured part elevated above the level of the heart to reduce swelling.

6. Give analgesic such as acetamenophen or ibuprofen. Do not apply heat in any form for at least 24 hours. (heat increases swelling and pain).

7. Note: Inadequate or delayed treatment of severe sprain may cause long-term joint instability or chronic pain.