2. Controlled Freer Free

3.  The activities the teacher uses to give the students first practice of new language.

4.  Higher teaching talk time (TTT) and teacher focused.  Practice directly after presentation so accuracy focused.  Scene, Function, Structure, Vocabulary all provided by the teacher.  Single, not combined functions  Activity more ‘class centred’.  Less chance of ‘meaningful’ practice.  Drills (oral).  Gap-fills, substitution drills (written).  More need for instant, on the spot correction.

5.  The activities the teacher uses to encourage further use of the language.

6.  Learners make more choices whilst still using the structures they have practised.  The aim is for accuracy WITH some fluency.  Increased student talk time (STT).  Learners have increased choice of vocabulary.  There is more chance for the learner to personalise- their own experience, information, expertise.  Activities can use a combination of functions, bring elements together and recycle.  More ‘real-world’ activities and language.