1. Transit Timing, Radius, Albedo, and Satellites of Extrasolar Planets with MagIC’s Upgrade Mercedes López-Morales Carnegie-DTM

2. Extrasolar Planets to Date 235 planets discovered to date: 233 from Radial Velocities 19 from Transits 4 from Microlensing … +4 pulsar planets (Last update: May 10 2007) Main Future Goals Physical characterization of known planets Discovery of the first Earth-mass planets

3. TRANSITS: at present the richest source of information Planet-to-Star Radius Ratio Orbital inclination and stellar limb darkening Planetary Albedos Satellites around theplanets Additional planets in those systems Earth-mass planets

4. Transit Timing from Agol et al. (2004)

5. Transit Timing Can detect extrasolar planets as small as 2-3 M Earth based on eq. 1 of Holman & Murray (2005)

6. Transit Timing From Seager & Mallén-Ornellas (2003)  = R p / R s  p = (  T -  F ) / 2  ph = light curve noise / sec  (t 0 )   -2  ph  p 1/2

7. Recent Transit Timing Attempts Planet  (t 0 ) TransitsReference TrES-1~100 sec11Steffen & Algol (2005) HD189733b~60 - 100 sec5Bakos et al. (2006) OGLE-TR-113~12 - 71 sec3Gillon et al. (2006)

8. MagIC Upgrade POETS: Portable Occultation, Eclipse, and Transit System. - 512x512 pixel Frame-transfer CCD - 16  m pixels - > 90% QE up to 1  m - ≤ 6 e- readout noise - Full well ~ 200,000 e-/pixel - Three-stage Peltier cooler (-70C in air) CCD47-20 chip from e2V technologies - 1024x1024 pixel Frame-transfer CCD - 13  m pixels - > 70% QE between 0.4-0.8  m - ~ 2 e- readout noise - Full well ~ 100,000 e-/pixel - cooled at -120C (MagIC dewar)

9. POETS on Magellan Telescopes OGLE-TR-56b on Magellan with POETS 25” x 25” FoV OGLE-TR-56b OGLE image 60” x 60” FoV

10. Test Transit of OGLE-TR-56b on Magellan - 2 sec exposure sequence in I-band - S/N = 400 per point, i.e. 2.5 mmags - Red-noise ~ 4.5 mmags ~0.43 mmags in 100 sec bins!

11. Performance of POETS

12. Observational Strategy GOAL: 3-5 transits or more of each target per year 2-3 occultations per year

13. Bonus Material Error in R p < 0.5% (assuming  R* = 0) Satellites? Albedos - OGLE-TR-56b, 113b and 132b have P  [1.0, 2.0] days - Could have T surf ~ 2500-3000K - Occultations could be ~ 0.5 mmags deep

14. Parameter Precision Goals

15. Summary - The MagIC update will be able to improve light curve photometric precision on ground-based telescopes by a factor of 6. - That photometric precision improvement will allow: - improvement on ground-based albedo detections at optical wavelengths. - improvement on detection of satellites. - improvements on planetary radius measurements - improvements on the detection of additional planets via transit timing. - Transit timing data of particular interest for OGLE planets. - Project fully funded by NASA Origins Program. Observations begin June 2007 with MagIC.

16. Project Members Jim Elliot Sara Seager Elisabeth Adams Amanda Gulbis ……. all from MIT David Osip (LCO, OCIW) Mercedes López-Morales (CIW-DTM)