2. Nuclear Theory & the New Standard Model: Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade Michael Ramsey-Musolf, Newport News 2007 Fifty years of PV in nuclear physics Solar s & the neutrino revolution The next decade presents NP with a unique opportunity to discover key ingredients of the “new Standard Model” Theory leadership is essential to realizing this opportunity

3. 2007 Long Range Plan New Standard Model Initiative High potential for major discoveries and new insights We recommend a targeted program of experiments to investigate neutrino properties and fundamental symmetries. These experiments aim to discover the nature of the neutrino, yet unseen violations of time- reversal symmetry, and other key ingredients of the new standard model of fundamental interactions. Construction of a Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory is vital to U.S. leadership in core aspects of this initiative.

4. Opportunity: Unique role for low energy studies in the LHC era Two frontiers in the search for new physics Collider experiments (pp, e + e -, etc) at higher energies (E >> M Z ) High energy physics Particle, nuclear & atomic physics CERN Ultra cold neutronsLarge Hadron Collider Indirect searches at lower energies (E < M Z ) but high precision (and beyond!)

5. Scientific Questions What are the masses of neutrinos and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe?  decay,  13,  decay,… Why is there more matter than antimatter in the present universe? EDM, DM, LFV, ,  13 … What are the unseen forces that disappeared from view as the universe cooled? Weak decays, PVES, g  -2,…

6. Interpreting Experimental Results Refined computations of St’d Model predictions, strong interaction effects, & many-body contributions Comprehensive & systematic calculations of possible effects in candidate scenarios for the new standard model Guiding Development of Exp’tl Program Identifying appropriate combinations of measurements, suitable “kinematics”, and relevant level of precision Delineating Broader Implications Placing in context of high energy collider & cosmological studies & identifying unique info provided by nuclear studies Vital Role for Nuclear Theory

7. The Nature of the Neutrino  -decay The Origin of Baryonic Matter EDM Other Key Ingredients: Precision Program Neutrino mass & mixing, PVES, weak decays, g  -2 … Theoretical Progress & Challenges

8. The Origin of Matter & Energy Beyond the SMSM symmetry (broken) Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Cosmic Energy Budget ? Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos? Nuclear Science mission: explain the origin, evolution, & structure of the baryonic component Leptogenesis: discover the ingredients: LN- & CP- violation in neutrinos Weak scale baryogenesis: test experimentally: EDMs

9.  -Decay: LNV? Mass Term? Dirac Majorana  -decay Long baseline ? ? Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism

10.  -Decay: LNV? Mass Term? Dirac Majorana Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism Light M exchange: can we determine m Shell Model vs. QRPA Configs near Fermi surface Levels above Fermi surface Vogel et al: reduce QRPA spread by calibrating g PP to T 2

11.  -Decay: LNV? Mass Term? Dirac Majorana Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism Mechanism: does light M exchange dominate ? How to calc effects reliably ? How to disentangle H & L ? O(1) for  ~ TeV Prezeau et al: EFT Does operator power counting suffice?

12.  -Decay: LNV? Mass Term? Dirac Majorana Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism If the existence of the decay is established: What mechanism? Which additional isotopes ?

13. EDMs: New CPV? Electron Improvements of 10 2 to 10 3 Neutron Neutral Atoms Deuteron QCD Nuclear Schiff Moment Nuclear EDM: Screened in atoms Neutron EDM from LQCD: Two approaches: Expand in  & average over topological sectors (Blum et al, Shintani et al) Compute  E for spin up/down nucleon in background E field (Shintani et al) m N =2.2 GeV QCD SR (Pospelov et al) Hadronic couplings Pospelov et al: PCAC + had models & QCD SR ChPT for d n : van Kolck et al

14. EDMs & Schiff Moments One-loop EDM: q, l, n…Chromo-EDM: q, n… Dominant in nuclei & atoms Engel & de Jesus: Reduced isoscalar sensitivity (  QCD ) Schiff Moment in 199 Hg Nuclear & hadron structure ! Liu et al: New formulation of Schiff operator + … New nuclear calc’s needed !

15. Baryogenesis: New Electroweak Physics Weak Scale Baryogenesis B violation C & CP violation Nonequilibrium dynamics Sakharov, 1967 Unbroken phase Broken phase CP Violation Topological transitions 1st order phase transition Is it viable? Can experiment constrain it? How reliably can we compute it? Quantum Transport CPV Chem Eq R-M et al Is it viable? Can experiment constrain it? How reliably can we compute it? Theoretical Issues: Strength of phase transition (Higgs sector) Bubble dynamics (numerical) Transport at phase boundary (non-eq QFT) EDMs: many-body physics & QCD Systematic baryogenesis: SD equations + power counting V eff ( ,T): Requirements on Higgs sector extensions & expt’l probes

16. Baryogenesis: EDMs & Colliders baryogenesis Present d e LEP II excl LHC reach Prospective d n Ongoing theory for baryon asymmetry (R-M et al): Refined quantum transport calc’s of CPV asymmetries during EW phase transition Bubble dynamics Application to models of new CPV Complementarity with LHC Cirigliano, Profumo, R-M

17. Precision Probes of New Symmetries Beyond the SMSM symmetry (broken) Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? New Symmetries 1.Origin of Matter 2.Unification & gravity 3.Weak scale stability 4.Neutrinos

18. Nuclei & Charged Leptons PV Electron Scattering Weak Decays n decay correlations nuclear  decay pion decays muon decays Q-Weak 12 GeV Moller PV DIS Muons g  -2  A!eA Essential Role for Theory Precise SM predictions (QCD) Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC

19. Nuclei & Charged Leptons I PV Electron Scattering Q-Weak 12 GeV Moller PV DIS Muons g  -2  A!eA Essential Role for Theory Precise SM predictions (QCD) Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC Substantially reduced QCD uncertainty in sin 2  W running QCD uncertainties in ep box graphs quantified Comprehensive analysis of new physics effects Q-Weak (ep) Moller (ee) Weak Decays n decay correlations nuclear  decay pion decays muon decays Ongoing theory for JLab EWK: QCD & Had Structure effects in PVDIS: CSB, HT… Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ?

20. Nuclei & Charged Leptons II Weak Decays n decay correlations nuclear  decay pion decays muon decays PV Electron Scattering Q-Weak 12 GeV Moller PV DIS Muons g  -2  A!eA Essential Role for Theory Precise SM predictions (QCD) Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC Reduced QCD error: Marciano & Sirlin Reduced QCD error: Cirigliano & Roselle SUSY effects in weak decays m implications for NP in weak decays V ud & CKM Unitarity Ongoing theory for weak decays: Further reductions in QCD errors? Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ? Implications of LHC results ? m ChPT for  -decay: Gardner et al, Ando et al

21. Nuclei & Charged Leptons III Weak Decays n decay correlations nuclear  decay pion decays muon decays PV Electron Scattering Q-Weak 12 GeV Moller PV DIS Muons g  -2  A!eA Essential Role for Theory Precise SM predictions (QCD) Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC    QED Z Weak Had LbL Had VP  SUSY Loops: Sign of Higgsino mass Ongoing theory for g  -2: Further reductions in had LBL uncertainty? Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ? Had VP: Disp Rel & e + e - Lattice QCD (T Blum) Had LBL: ChPT Hadronic Models Lattice QCD?

22. Precision Neutrino Property Studies Mixing, hierarchy, & CPV Daya Bay Neutrino CPV: Implications for leptogenesis ? Oscillations and supernovae: Implications of  12,  13 & hierarchy for scattering in -driven wind? (Duan, Fuller, Carlson, Qian; Balantekin, Pehlivan) LENS NormalInverted

23. Precision Neutrino Property Studies Neutrino Mass: Terrestrial vs Cosmological WMAP & Beyond KATRIN, Mare Energy DensityPower Spectrum Beacom, Bell, Dodelson New  int: CMB consistent with larger m

24. Weak Probes of Astro & QCD Zhu et al: EFT for hadronic PV Beacom & Vagins: Dope SuperK with Gd Cl 3 to detect diffuse supernova neutrino background See also G. McLaughlin et al for  probes of supernovae

25. Nuclear Theory & the New St’d Model Progress & Opportunities Small but hardy band of theorists making significant progress needed to guide experimental program and interpret results Progress in reducing QCD & nuclear structure uncertainties ( , EDM, PVES, weak decays, g  -2) Comprehensive computations of SUSY effects Broader implications for cosmo and astro (baryogenesis, supernovae, m from CMB) Close interaction between theory & exp’t Rich, interdisciplinary field with room to grow!

26. Back Matter

27.  Mechanism & m  signal equivalent to degenerate hierarchy Loop contribution to m of inverted hierarchy scale 111 / ~ 0.06 for m SUSY ~ 1 TeV Impt to know if RPV interactions exist and, if so, what magnitude

28. Lepton Flavor & Number Violation MEG: B  !e  ~ 5 x 10 -14 MECO: B  !e ~ 5 x 10 -17 Logarithmic enhancements of R Low scale LFV: R ~ O(1) GUT scale LFV: R ~ O  0  decay Light M exchange ? Heavy particle exchange ? Raidal, Santamaria; Cirigliano, Kurylov, R- M, Vogel k11 / ~ 0.09 for m SUSY ~ 1 TeV !e !e LFV Probes of RPV: k11 / ~ 0.008 for m SUSY ~ 1 TeV !e !e LFV Probes of RPV:

29. Deep Inelastic PV: Beyond the Parton Model & SM  12 GeV  6 GeV e-e- N X e-e- Z*Z* ** d(x)/u(x): large x Electroweak test: e-q couplings & sin 2  W Higher Twist: qq and qqg correlations Charge sym in pdfs