1. Endangered & Threatened Aquatics

2. Endangered & Threatened Species Habitat specialists- those that require a specific habitat, and are therefore more likely to go extinct

3. Strategies to Protect Species Illegal to have, gather, collect whole or parts of any species on list Project plans must be approved for roads, bridges, malls, pipelines, wind farms, developments

4. Endangered Fish

6. Threatened Fish

7. Candidate Fish

8. Fish in PA 34% of PA fish species are endangered Most in western part of state – Ohio, Allegheny, and Lake Erie tributaries heavily polluted due to industry – French Creek flowed north to St. Lawrence River, but glacial activity reversed it to flow to the Allegheny, isolating some populations

9. Endangered Amphibians & Reptiles

10. Threatened Amphibians & Reptiles

11. Candidate Amphibians & Reptiles

12. Endangered Invertebrates

13. Threatened Invertebrates

14. Clubshell Mussel Status: Endangered Reasons: Silt deposition, Water quality decline, Sedimentation, nutrient and chemical runoff, zebra mussels Biodiversity Impacts: water quality will decline

15. Dwarf Wedgemussel Status: Endangered Reasons: Silt deposition, Water quality decline, Sedimentation, nutrient and chemical runoff Biodiversity Impacts: water quality will decline

16. Eastern Pearlshell Status: Endangered Reasons: Mining pollution, habitat loss, sedimentation, alteration of water flow, limited genetic diversity, invasive species (didymo) Biodiversity Impacts: water quality decline, food chain collapse

17. Northern Riffleshell Mussel Status: Endangered Reasons: Dams and reservoirs flooded habitat, reducing gravel altering presence of fish hosts, and isolating populations; sedimentation; agricultural runoff; zebra mussels Biodiversity Impacts: water quality decline, food web collapse

18. Atlantic Sturgeon Status: Endangered Reasons: overfishing Biodiversity Impacts: prized for meat and eggs, control invertebrate and small fish populations

19. Bigmouth Buffalo Status: Endangered Reasons: Industrial discharges, mine drainage, siltation contaminating water Biodiversity Impacts: eats plankton, small invertebrates

20. Burbot Status: Endangered Reasons: habitat destruction, water quality loss Biodiversity Impacts: Control invertebrate and fish populations

21. Cisco Status: Endangered Reasons: Industrial discharges, mine drainage, siltation contaminating water Biodiversity Impacts: ?

22. Hickory Shad Status: Endangered Reasons: Dam building and water pollution Biodiversity Impacts: great fish for anglers

23. Longear Sunfish Status: Endangered Reasons: habitat destruction Biodiversity Impacts: ?

24. Spotted Gar Status: Endangered Reasons: Industrial discharges, mine drainage, siltation contaminating water Biodiversity Impacts: ?

25. Eastern Spadefoot Toad Status: Endangered Reasons: habitat destruction, breeds in unregulated temporary pools, poaching, sporadic and opportunistic breeding is difficult to protect Biodiversity Impacts: feeds on insects

26. Northern Cricket Frog Status: Endangered Reasons: loss of wetland habitat, poor water quality, only 5% survives winter Biodiversity Impacts: ?

27. Green Salamander Status: Endangered Reasons: forest fragmentation, require mature trees to regulate microclimate Biodiversity Impacts:

28. Bog Turtle Status: Endangered Reasons: habitat loss, invasive plants forming dense thickets and eliminating basking and nesting areas, poaching Biodiversity Impacts: indicate good water quality

29. Eastern Mud Turtle Status: Endangered Reasons: increased predation due to habitat fragmentation Biodiversity Impacts:

30. Eastern Redbelly Turtle Status: Endangered Reasons: loss of quality habitat, roadkills Biodiversity Impacts:

31. Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake Status: Endangered Reasons: Habitat destruction and fragmentation, death from machinery, deliberate killing, black market trade Biodiversity Impacts: rodent control