1. Setting the state for Kant --Are there any acts that are wrong, regardless of the consequences? (Are consequences all that matter?) --Case: Bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki --intentionally killing innocent people (murder).

2. Kant’s Moral Theory The central concept of morality: Obligation What is the nature of a moral imperative? –Universal –Categorical

3. Formula of Universal Law “Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become universal law.” (128) Application in a particular case --determine your maxim --formulate the maxim as a universal law --determine whether you could will that law

4. The lying promise Maxim: Universal law: Can I will it?

5. Formula of Humanity as an End “Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only” (137). Two kinds of value: price, dignity –Rational agents have unconditional value: dignity. This commands respect. The case of the lying promise.

6. Problems for Kant’s Theory Is it always morally wrong to lie? Cases of conflicting obligations? –“Do not lie” –“Do not facilitate murder” Non-human Animals?

7. Kant’s insight Moral imperatives are universal Human beings deserve moral respect