1. 1 ? 2 5 Basic types of species interactions
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Competition is important...just not as important as predation 2 1 ?

3. limited food habitat Competition ...common use of a limited resource
What can be limiting....?
food
habitat

4. food habitat 2 dimension, but there are more.... FUNDAMENTAL REALIZED

5. Between and within species??
Intraspecific competition
Interspecific competition

6. How do we see it or measure it?
Population Abundance
Time
Individual Responses
Behavior – feeding rate
Physiology – growth rate
Morphological – body size
Population responses
Abundance
Distribution

7. 3 types of competition?? Interference competition
Exploitation competition
Apparent competition

8. Interference competition - occurs directly between individuals via aggression etc. when the individuals interfere with foraging, survival, reproduction of others, or by directly preventing their physical establishment in a portion of the habitat.
(-) A B
(-)

9. Exploitation competition - occurs indirectly through a common, limiting resource, which acts as an intermediate. Ex. depletes the amount of food or fill up all the available space.
(-) A B
(-) + + - - R

10. Apparent competition - occurs indirectly between two species which are both preyed upon by the same predator. B A A B - - - - + + + P P

12. Competition's role in ecology and evolution
Resource partitioning
Population Abundance
Resource Gradient
"species packing"
Population Abundance
Resource Gradient

13. Lake Malawi Lake Tanganyika
Cichlids exhibit remarkable evolutionary convergence. Similar ecomorphs have evolved repeatedly within different cichlid assemblages. All of the cichlids in the left-hand column are from Lake Tanganyika. All of the cichlids in the right-hand column are from Lake Malawi, and are more closely related to one another than to any species within Lake Tanganyika. Note the similarities among color patterns and trophic morphologies.

14. Utilize resources along a gradient (See Wooton)
Food particle size
Temperature
Habitat

15. Examples: Classic Werner and Hall Experiments
Bluegill
Green Sunfish
Pumpkinseed

16. Examples: Ciscoes adaptive radiation (Lindsey 1981)

17. Modeling Competition Lotka-volterra model Competition coefficients
The equations
What the hell is an isocline, anyway?
4 graphs. See Molles
Population Abundance
Time

18. Exotics species that affect the ecology of native Wisconsin Fishes
Pelagic planktivores - Alewife, Rainbow smelt, white perch
Benthic insectivores – round goby, common carp
Pelagic piscivores – Pacific salmon, brown trout
Pelagic/benthic parasite – Sea lamprey
Stream insectivores – brown trout, rainbow trout
Pelagic filter-feeders – silver carp, bighead carp

19. Exotics fish utilize different habitats
And a variety of food sources

20. How do they get here?
People
Ships ballast water
Canals
Aquaculture

21. Aquaculture
Silver carp
Bighead carp
Ballast water
Alewife
white perch
Round goby
Intentional Stocking
Pacific Salmon
Brown trout
Rainbow trout
Common carp
Rainbow smelt
Canals
Sea lamprey
Rainbow smelt

22. LAKE SUPERIOR Species Earliest Record Unintentional or Intentional
Transport or Release Mechanism(s)
Alewife
<1953
Unintentional
Canals
American eel
1970
Atlantic salmon
1972
Intentional
Stocked
Brown trout
1883
Brook silverside
2002
Unknown
Chinook salmon
1967
Coho salmon
1966
Common carp
1897
Eurasian ruffe
1986
Ballast Water
European flounder
1981
Fourspine stickleback
Ballast Water or Live Bait
Freshwater drum ?
Stocked (assumed)
Gizzard shad
Live Bait or Aquaria
Goldfish
1975
Kokanee salmon
Pink salmon
1956
Intentional (unplanned)
Rainbow smelt
1930
Rainbow trout
1895
Round Goby
1995
Sea lamprey
1938
Splake
Threespine stickleback
1987
Tubenose goby
2000
White Perch
LAKE
SUPERIOR

23. 3 aspects that make them so successful...?
High fecundity – lots of eggs / individual
Excellent competitors – better at gaining resources then native species
Exploit a less well used resource

24. Detrimental to sport fisheries... round gobies to smallmouth bass nests

25. Detrimental to ....life as we know it on all lakes and rivers