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D.N.A Objective: SWBAT define key terms used in genetics IOT explain the process of biological inheritance QUESTION: How do we know which genes we will inherit from our parents, and which genes will show up in our bodies? - For example, if your mother has blue eyes, and your father has brown eyes, how do you know what color eyes you will have?
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ANNOUNCEMENTS! HOMEWORK: Genetics Worksheet RACE to the HSA for March begins next week – Maintain 10 points a class – The winning team will get a reward!
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Think for a second about the most crazy thing you have ever seen…
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could be possible… Imagine in the future when something like THIS …
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The future is now…
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How did the scientists do it?
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Intro. To Genetics
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Rock, Paper, Scissors – Dominant vs. Recessive Traits! When an offspring is formed, its traits are determined by a combo of genes from each parent Genes are either dominant or recessive 1. Find a partner and play, “Rock, Paper, Scissors” 2. Play 5 times and record which partner won with which type of hand
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GENETICS the study of how traits are passed from one generation to the next
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Gregor Mendel (Father of Genetics) A scientist who studied genetics He did his studies using normal garden peas
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What He Studied Mendel looked at traits of the pea plants – A trait is a characteristic – Examples: seed color, height of the plant…
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What are some traits of this person?
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What Mendel Wanted to Know… He wanted to see if you crossed 2 plants with different traits, what would the offspring look like
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From his experiments he concluded Inheritance is determined by factors that are passed from one generation to the next
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GENE: the factors that control traits (found in the DNA) example: color of a flower
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ALLELES Each gene comes in different forms called alleles Each parent gives one allele to the offspring Example: so the gene that controls flower color may come in two alleles: purple and white.
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CFUs 1. Genes are found where? 2. What are the different forms of a gene called? 3. What would be an example of a gene and its alleles? 4. Where do the alleles come from? DNA ALLELES Gene- Height, Alleles- tall and short One from each parent!
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Which one do you look like? Genes can either be dominant or recessive
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Dominant Genes If a dominant gene is present, the trait is ALWAYS expressed Dominant alleles are written with a capital letter Example: Tall pea plant = dominant =T
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Recessive Genes Recessive genes are ONLY expressed if there are 2 copies of the recessive allele present – Recessive alleles are written with a lower case letter – Example: Short pea plant = recessive = t
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Example… The gene for brown hair is dominant so….an individual just needs one B for the trait to be expressed – BB = brown hair – Bb = brown hair
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Examples… The gene for blond hair is recessive and represented by a lower case b. – bb = blond hair
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You can’t express everything! Vocabulary – Genotype: Genetic makeup – Examples: TT, Tt, tt – Phenotype: Physical characteristics – Examples: Tall, short, blue, long
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Heterozygous vs. Homozygous Vocabulary: – Heterozygous: copies of different genes Hetero - different Example: Tt – Homozygous: copies of the same genes Homo - same Example: TT or tt
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Let’s Practice 1.Circle one: “PP” is considered (homozygous/heterozygous) 1.Circle one: “Pp is considered (homozygous/heterozygous) 1.Circle one: “pp” is considered (homozygous dominant/homozygous recessive)
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Let’s Practice For each genotype, determine the phenotype 1.Tall (T) plant is dominant over short (t) TT ______________ Tt ______________ tt _______________ TALL SHORT
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Let’s Practice For each phenotype, list the genotype 1.White flowers are dominant to purple flowers White flowers _________ Purple flowers _________ Ww ww WW
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CLASSWORK You will have 25 minutes to complete the Genetics Practice Packet! Afterwards….we will have an EXIT TICKET!
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How can we determine what the offspring are going to be?
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PUNNETT SQUARES chart showing the possible combination of alleles in a cross
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THE PARENTS GENOTYPES MOM = Bb (heterozygous brown hair) DAD = bb (homozygous blond hair) PHENOTYPES MOM = brown hair DAD = blond hair
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bb b BBbBb bb bb
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THE OFFSPRING Tt (heterozygous) tt (homozygous recessive) GENOTYPES
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THE OFFSPRING 2 Bb (brown hair) 2 bb (blond hair) PHENOTYPES
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You Try! PARENTS (T represents tall) GENOTYPES DAD = Tt (heterozygous) MOM = Tt (heterozygous) PHENOTYPES DAD =Tall MOM = Tall
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PUNNETT SQUARES
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THE OFFSPRING TT (homozygous dominant) Tt (heterozygous) tt (homozygous recessive) GENOTYPES
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THE OFFSPRING TT (tall) Tt (tall) tt (short) PHENOTYPES
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D.N.A Compare a plant with a multicellular green alga, paying particular attention to plant adaptations to life on land. AlgaePlant -supported by water-rigid supporting elements -lack supporting tissues-discrete organs (roots, stems, leaves) -lack of covering-covered by cuticle AlgaePlant -supported by water-rigid supporting elements -lack supporting tissues-discrete organs (roots, stems, leaves) -lack of covering-covered by cuticle
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