1. Racism Towards Immigrants By: Hannah, Jason, Julia, and Phoebe

2. Cities and Immigrants… 1920- Urban population passed 50%. – New York- 2.2 million – Chicago- 1 million – Detroit- 425,000 Many people came from rural areas in the U.S. Russia, Japan, China, Mexico, and European Jews were the primary immigrants.

3. City Life Immigrants lived in tenements without proper utilities like plumbing and electricity. They often had to work in factories for a low wage. The work force was increasing exponentially. – As a result, the working conditions became deplorable. Many immigrant children were forced to work too.

4. Immigration Restrictions Immigration Restriction League: called for literacy test to cut down the flow of immigrants. American Federation of Labor: supported immigration restrictions Many Progressives supported immigration restrictions Congress produced literacy test bills in 1896, 1913, and 1915. – They were all eventually vetoed “All the great problems… are tied up with the one great problem of foreign immigration.”

5. The Eugenics Movement Eugenics- the control of reproduction to alter the characteristics of a plant or animal species. 1904, the Carnegie Foundation funded a genetics research center on Long Island Charles B. Davenport- zoologist and racist who believed in eugenics to alter the human race States began to legalize sterilization of o Criminals o Sex offenders o People with mental problems

6. Buck v. Bell Carrie Buck against Dr. J.H. Bell Carrie said that the ESA violated her Constitutional rights as an American. Carrie, her daughter, and her mother were “feebleminded and promiscuous” Carrie and her mother(Emma) were already institutionalized at the time when the Virginia Eugenical Sterilization Act of 1924. Decision- To uphold the ESA and Buck was sterilized