1. Are your construction projects costing the Earth? James Fiske

2. Why reduce carbon in construction? Min 80% reduction of GHG emissions by 2050 (34% 2020) CRC energy efficiency scheme – the first carbon tax Zero carbon buildings by 2019 (homes by 2016) Whole-life carbon appraisals set to be in the Green Book CEN 350 including EPDs In the UK… In Hong Kong…. 45% carbon intensity reduction

3. Admin building of 765m2 emits over 1,700 tonnes of carbon dioxide in a 30 year life In addition, 675 tonnes are embodied from its original construction, and 165 tonnes from maintenance and replacement of its components Why reduce carbon in construction?

4. How do you measure carbon? Operational ‘direct’ and embodied ‘indirect’ Operational is calculated by the amount of energy used Embodied is a little harder: Quantify the materials Quantify the weights Emission data available from the likes of Bath University Plant Transportation Labour

5. Environmental Social Economic This is increasingly required at a time when we need to be saving money, not spending more of it Currently three different teams measure carbon, cost and social impacts Inefficient Inconsistent Expensive!! The problem

6. How do we do it? We link carbon estimating into the cost estimating process To do this you need to do some conversions: Carbon calculated by material types and respective weights Costs measured by product Published results

7. How do we do it - CapIT CapIT is an on-line Capital cost and CO 2 estimating system Available to the industry Includes data from price books Allows users to view and change build-ups from library Allows users to add their own data Launched jointly with the Institution of Civil Engineers

8. But what about the future? What you construct now you will be subjected to Focusing on just the initial is short-sighted (1:5:200) Save over 35% of the life-time costs and carbon Increasing costs, energy prices, availability of resources By looking over the life you begin to consider ‘maintainability’ Understand what you need and when you need it by Understand waste and plan reuse

9. The Problem Confusion on terminologies (LCC, WLC, TLC etc) Inconsistent methodologies Lack of robust data CO 2 calculations are conducted independently

10. What is the difference between LCC and WLC? A) They are the same B) LCC includes maintenance, WLC includes operational C) LCC is for a component, WLC is for the whole project D) WLC additionally quantifies recycling at end of life E) None of the above The Problem

11. Answer (Defined by BS ISO 15686-5) Whole Life Cost (WLC) Non- Construction Costs Life Cycle Cost (LCC) ConstructionMaintenanceOperationOccupancyEnd of Life IncomeExternalities

12. How do we do it Initial Cost Life Cycle Cost Capital Energy Inspections Cleaning Redecorations Occupancy Asset Replacement Reactive maintenance Planned maintenance

13. Internet-based system and database Capital cost and life cycle cost Embodied and operational CO 2 Can calculate more measures when data is available Models activities of maintenance at detailed levels to improve accuracy and auditability Plots the impact of transport Quickly identifies cost and carbon impacts for design changes How do we do it - LifeCYCLE

14. View the many reports available for cost, carbon, resource requirements and waste How do we do it – LifeCYCLE

15. Case Study LifeCYCLE used on many projects New Build: School Over 35% cost and carbon reductions Existing: University of Glasgow Over £10m of savings identified in just a 20 year period Saving 350,000 tonnes of CO 2

16. Summary Your construction projects are probably costing the earth You can minimise this impact by looking over the life You can save money by picking better specifications You can design projects to be more maintainable You can understand what you need and when by You can minimise waste You can do it all at the same time!

17. www.eru.mottmac.com Thank you for your time