1. IN THE NAME OF GOD

18. Dentifrices  Dentifrices are made up of abrasives such as silicon oxides, aluminum oxides, and granular polyvinyl chlorides; water; humectants; soap or detergent; flavoring and sweetening agents; therapeutic agents such as fluorides and pyrophosphates; and coloring agents and preservatives.

19.  Abrasives, commonly in the form of insoluble inorganic salts, make up 20% to 40% of a dentifrice. The proper use of a dentifrice can enhance the abrasive action of a toothbrush as much as 40 times. Tooth powders contain about 95% abrasives and are five times More abrasive than pastes. The abrasive quality of dentifrices affects enamel, but abrasion is more of a concern For patients with exposed roots because dentin is abraded 25 times faster and cementum 35 times faster enamel. This can lead to root surface abrasion and root sensitivity

20. خمیردندانهای فلورایده : 25%  NaF: crest-Improved crest  NaMFP: Aim-colgate-Aqua fresh signal-Macleans signal-Macleans  SnF2:

23. Chlorhexidine  Synthetic  Used since 1953  Increase in cellular membrane permeability followed by coagulation of the cytoplasmic macromolecules  Is more effective in preventing plaque accumulation on a clean tooth surface than in reducing pre-existing plaque deposits  Long substantivity  High safety

24. Phenolic antiseptic  Listerine  Essential oil/phenolic mouthwash  Moderate plaque inhibitory effect and some anti-gingivitis effects (due to antioxidative activity)  Poor oral retention

25. Povidone iodine  No significant antiplaque activity(1% mouth wash)  Absorption of significant levels of iodine  Iodine sensitivity

26. Triclosan  Shina (Daroogar) mouthwash and toothpaste and Capitano mouthwash  Non-ionic anticeptic  Lacks of staining effects  Moderate plaque inhibitory effects when used as a mouthwash in combination with zinc  Anti inflammation effect due to inhibition of both cyclo-oxygenase and lipooxygenase  Plaque inhibitory effects is dependent upon the presence of copolymers in formulation to increase the oral retention  Anti inflammatory effect depends upon its ability to penetrate into the gingival tissues and in turn it is dependent upon the nature of the solvents in the mouthwash formulation