1. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 1 Entry into the working life: spatial mobility and job-match quality of higher educated graduates Viktor Venhorst (URSI, University of Groningen) Frank Cörvers (ROA, Maastricht University)

2. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 2 Overview of the presentation ›Dutch higher educated graduates: distance moved and quality of the job-match ›Endogeneity: (un-)observed factors co- determine mobility and job-match ›Self-selection ›This paper: mobility prior to study as instrument

3. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 3 Data: college and university graduates ›Sample: Cohorts ’04-’05 through ’06–’07 ›Observed 18 months after graduation (’06-’08)  Job, study and demographic characteristics  Location information (municipalities): - Housing area at age 16 (home region) - Study region - Work region ›N ~ 36000

4. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 4 (Repeat-)mobility among Dutch graduates ›Measurement:  Location at age 16 to Study location (km)  Study location to Work location (km) ›Mobility before and after study correlated (0.43) ›Long distance (change of NUTS 1 region)  15.0% repeat mobility (11.7% return to home NUTS 1 region)  60.1% no change in NUTS 1 region observed

5. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 5 NUTS 3 Working regions; inflow higher educated graduates per capita active labour force NUTS 3 regions, share of active labour force in higher or scientific jobs

6. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 6 Average graduate incomes, NUTS 3 working regions. Average graduate incomes, transitions between NUTS 1 study / working regions.

7. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 7 … however this distance is not covered between study and work … … but before the start of the study, coming from the home region Large distances covered to reach central working regions...

8. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 8

9. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 9 Multivariate analysis: wages ›OLS and 2SLS ›Instruments: distance moved prior to studies and NUTS 1 mover (dummy) ›Tests for exogeneity and overidentification

10. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 10

11. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 11 Alternative job-match measures

12. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 12 Conclusions ›Migration prior to studies / selection of study location appears selective ›Job-match quality increases with favourable regional economic circumstances, ability and extra curricular activities ›Mobility, after correction for endogeneity through pre-study migration, has little or adverse effects on job-match quality

13. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 13 Thank you for your attention v.a.venhorst@rug.nl

14. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 14

15. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 15

16. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 16 NUTS 3 working location, college and university graduates

17. |Date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 17 Exogenous variables, NUTS 3 regions