1. Drinking Water Treatment

2. Drinking Water Quality USEPA Drinking Water RegulationsUSEPA Drinking Water Regulations Coliform bacteriaColiform bacteria TurbidityTurbidity Organic and inorganic chemicalsOrganic and inorganic chemicals RadionuclidesRadionuclides

3. Greater Cincinnati Water Works Major Treatment Processes: Settling (coagulation, flocculation) Filtration Disinfection

4. Common Treatment Steps CoagulationCoagulation FiltrationFiltration disinfectiondisinfection

5. Coagulation overcome negative charged clays by adding alum (Al3+) or ferric (Fe 3+) ionsovercome negative charged clays by adding alum (Al3+) or ferric (Fe 3+) ions

6. Filtration Rapid sandRapid sand Slow sand (surface cake also bioactive)Slow sand (surface cake also bioactive) Dual mediaDual media flotationflotation

7. Disinfection Chlorine, chloramine, chlorine dioxideChlorine, chloramine, chlorine dioxide Ozone, UVOzone, UV

8. Other methods Activated carbonActivated carbon Ion exchange/chemical precipitationIon exchange/chemical precipitation MembranesMembranes Air strippingAir stripping (then comes distribution)

9. Pur Demonstration

10. Alternatives DesalinationDesalination solar still solar still FiltersFilters Slow sand filterSlow sand filter Dual bucket sand filterDual bucket sand filter Diatomaceous earthDiatomaceous earth Bag and cartridge filtersBag and cartridge filters ConservationConservation RecyclingRecycling

11. Science Fair Project Design a water treatment device Factors to consider: Technology (feasibility, reliability, quantity, quality)Technology (feasibility, reliability, quantity, quality) minimum parameters turbidity and total coliformminimum parameters turbidity and total coliform Environmental impacts (air emissions, waste management, energy use)Environmental impacts (air emissions, waste management, energy use) CostCost

12. Plastic housing provided the support for her fabric-based filtration device. Their water purification system incorporated two buckets, filtration material, and a siphoning tube. Secured funnels in series so that the dirty water would pass through a variety of filter material before being tested for its effluent quality. The water cascaded downward through graded filter bed material, modeling a fixed bed water treatment scheme.

13. Resources Solar StillSolar StillSolar StillSolar Still Laboratory ManualLaboratory Manual Survival StillSurvival StillSurvival StillSurvival Still Laboratory ManualLaboratory Manual EPA : http://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/wsb/index.htmlEPA : http://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/wsb/index.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/wsb/index.html Water Works LessonWater Works Lesson Carbon treatment lessonCarbon treatment lesson Chlorination lessonChlorination lesson Oasis water treatment websiteOasis water treatment website American Water Works Association websiteAmerican Water Works Association website Water Environment Federation websiteWater Environment Federation website handoutshandouts