1. Optimize flocculation with FlocCAM and JarCAM www.FlocCam.com TM

2. Coagulation & Flocculation Coagulation – add a coagulant that makes the suspended particles “sticky” www.FlocCam.com

3. Coagulation & Flocculation Flocculation – Gentle stirring increases particle collisions – Particles stick together, form settleable or filterable floc www.FlocCam.com

4. Ten State Standards Coagulation – Mixing: ≤ 30 seconds – Velocity gradient: G ≥ 750 fps/ft http://10statesstandards.com/waterrev2012.pdf www.FlocCam.com

5. Ten State Standards Flocculation – Residence time: ≥ 30 mins – Flow-through velocity: 0.5 to 1.5 ft/min – Agitator paddle peripheral speed: 0.5 to 3.0 ft/sec http://10statesstandards.com/waterrev2012.pdf www.FlocCam.com Very large ranges within guidelines for operation... What are our goals?

6. Goals of Coagulation & Flocculation To “change the particle size distribution to best suit the subsequent processes.” (Han et al., 1999) To reach “the conditions of dosage and pH that achieve a minimum particle count and turbidity, maximum TOC, DOC and DBP removal and minimum coagulant residual.” (Edzwald & Tobiason, 1999) To “transform suspended colloidal particles into flocs that can be removed by sedimentation.” (Tse et al., 2011) www.FlocCam.com

7. How do we know if we’re achieving these goals? Conventionally, treatment plants monitor: – Zeta Potential (streaming current monitor) Although it can give indication of proper coagulant addition, does not give information regarding physical properties of flocs and size distribution – Settled water turbidity Measurement taken towards end of treatment; by the time operator sees a problem, the problem has likely persisted for hours – TOC, DOC and DBP removal Typically not used as direct indications that proper flocculation is taking place www.FlocCam.com

8. Experienced operators often look in a flocculation basin to confirm that the process is healthy What are they trying to see? 1.Average particle size 2.Particle size distribution 3.Average particle density 4.Average particle velocity How do we know if we’re achieving these goals? The FlocCAM and JarCAM are tools that quantify flocs’ physical properties TM

9. The FlocCAM The FlocCAM is designed to be mounted atop the flocculation basin and provide the operators detailed information in real-time: 1.Average particle size 2.Size skew, indicating particle size distribution 3.Average particle density 4.Average particle velocity 5.Average particle sphericity 6.Average particle mass www.FlocCam.com TM

10. www.FlocCam.com Graph displaying two parameters over time All data updated in real-time Live video from the floc basin FlocCAM Computer Interface Data is then stored in an easily-accessible file for future reference TM

11. FlocCAM Benefits www.FlocCam.com TM Quantifies data in real-time regarding flocs’ physical properties Video feed facilitates flocculation monitoring Data often functions as the first quantitative assessment that the plant is operating correctly Enables operators to evaluate the effects of miniscule chemical dose changes on flocculation performance, leading to chemical cost savings Allows operators to predict and monitor the number of flocs being transferred through to the filters, therefore lengthening filter run times Stored data allows operators to compare past and current flocculation performance Facilitates communication between operators regarding plant performance

12. Ten State Standards “The operator and design engineer should determine the appropriate G value and detention time through jar testing.” http://10statesstandards.com/waterrev2012.pdf www.FlocCam.com

13. The JarCAM www.FlocCam.com TM The JarCAM is designed to be mounted on the side of a jar during a jar test. During the jar test, it provides the same data as the FlocCAM : 1.Average particle size 2.Size skew, indicating particle size distribution 3.Average particle density 4.Average particle velocity 5.Average particle sphericity 6.Average particle mass TM

14. www.FlocCam.com Graph displaying two parameters over time All data updated in real-time Live video from the floc basin JarCAM Computer Interface After the jar test, data is stored in an easily-accessible file for future reference TM

15. JarCAM Benefits www.FlocCam.com TM Quantifies data in real-time regarding flocs’ physical properties during jar tests Data provides operators with numerical evidence to use to identify the jar with the optimal chemical dose Enables operators to differentiate between jars with similar chemical doses Stored data allows operators to compare current data with previous jar test data Facilitates communication between operators regarding jar test observations

16. Optimize flocculation with FlocCAM and JarCAM www.FlocCam.com TM Durasens, LLC 141 Tompkins Ave, Pleasantville, NY 10570 T 914 747 7205 F 914 747 7209 E info@FlocCAM.cominfo@FlocCAM.com www.FlocCAM.com