1. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 Strategic Directions for the World Bank in Social Development Steen Lau Jorgensen Director of Social Development The World Bank

2. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 The World Bank Social Development Strategy Background  Why have a strategy? What is the demand?  Who is it for?  What is it – descriptive or prescriptive?  What is the process?

3. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 What will the SD Strategy cover?  Concepts and definitions  Why attention to social development?  The Bank and SD: history & commitments  Strategic directions  Business strategy

4. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 Concepts and Definitions What do we mean by social development?  Social development means development of society.  The goal of social development is a society that enables people, especially poor people, to take actions to help themselves.  The social dimensions of development --  Empowerment  Inclusion  Security -- help make societies equitable, productive and sustainable.

5. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 Concepts and Definitions An abstract definition of social development Social development refers to the relationships and institutional conditions within a society (social capital) and the historical, political, and institutional conditions that affect project and policy outcomes (the social context of development)

6. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 Concepts and Definitions What don’t we mean by social development?  Health  Education The World Bank calls these human development  Social welfare/security/protection The World Bank calls these social protection

7. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 Concepts and Definitions What is the work program of social development at the World Bank?  Social Analysis  Participation and Civic Engagement  Community Driven Development  Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction  Safeguard Policies

8. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 Why attention to social development? … that leads to sustainable poverty reduction Economic Dimensions Social Dimensions Empowerment + Inclusion + Security Participation + Inclusion Investment Climate + Growth Pro-poor Growth Social development completes a virtuous circle….

9. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 Why attention to social development? Development Interventions  SD as an end: CDD, Conflict, Targeted at Vulnerable Groups  SD as a means to sustainability in other sectors SD Perspective  Bottom-up: starts with poor people’s multidimensional needs  Formal and informal stakeholders SD Expertise  social analysis of opportunities, constraints, risks  participation and civic engagement as means and end Enabling environment provides  responsive, reliable and resilient institutions  good governance  security from conflict Poor and marginalized people have  capacities  assets to help themselves Poverty Reduction Socially Sustainable Development Bank mission SD Objective SD Outcome SD Outputs SD Inputs

10. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 Sustainable improvements in livelihoods Institutions: FAMILY COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT MARKETS H F P N S Assets and Institutions for Sustainability Empowerment Inclusion

11. Why attention to Social Development? Examples of Social Development Challenges by Region RegionEmpowermentInclusionSecurity Africa High gender inequality, untapped potential for scaling up community-driven development Governance issues and over- centralization causing exclusion of poor and marginalized Prevalence of civil conflict and need for post-conflict reconstruction East Asia and Pacific Rapid democratization gives some more voice and choice than others Rapid change and urbanization creating new forms of exclusion Persisting social conflicts exacerbated by regional economic crisis Europe and Central Asia Political institutional reform difficult and slow Transition has strengthened institutions unevenly Reforms have created winners and losers – social disruption and violence on the rise Latin America and Caribbean The political economy traditionally excludes the poor from the political process and local institutions have limited voice and limited upward linkages, fragmenting rural and urban poor Poor distribution of assets, especially in rural areas Conflict – domestic violence, urban violence, civil conflict, conflict around drugs and rural poverty, youth and violence Middle East and North Africa Low level of popular consultation and participation in decision-making and resource allocation Weak civil society institutions, poor accountability, and limited inclusion of women and youth Pervasive conflict and violence with spillover dangers and negative impact on economic growth and poverty South Asia Increasing marginalization and high levels of embedded social inequality Governance and corruption issues Continuing and emerging tensions; current focus on social reconstruction of Afghanistan and neighboring states

12. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 The Bank and SD: history & commitments 1974-19871987-19971997-2002Beyond Objectives Improving operational effectiveness Develop methods/ tools, putting people first Poverty reduction and socially sustainable development Scaling up our impact, understanding how societies work Social Analysis OMS 2.30 Sociological Aspects of Project Appraisal 1994 – Bank Guidelines on Social Assessment 2002 Social Analysis OP and sourcebook PSIA and Country Social Analysis Participation and civic engagement Listening, BA, consultation, NGOs as implementers 1990 Working Group, 1994 Sourcebook NGOs as partners Civic Engagement in PRSPs, from NGOs to civil society Empowerment, Accountability, Voices & Choices Vulnerability Involuntary resettlement and Indigenous People policies Concern with gender, vulnerable groups Safeguards Vulnerability Conflict Inclusion Rights Preventing conflict Communities and institutions Social organization of production Institutions (mainly local) which affect development, NGOs Community-based development Social Capital, Local Level Inst., State and Society, Community-driven development Societal Development, Clients and their citizens Comments Early focus on rural development Emphasis on methods and tools Add conflict and cultural heritage to agenda, more emphasis on CDD Scaling up, mainstreaming

13. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 The Bank and SD: history & commitments Advocacy Policy Operations Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction Civic Engagement Social Analysis CDD Gender Safeguards

14. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 The Bank and SD: history & commitments 1.Public statements (President, Chief Economist) 2.Corporate strategy documents 3.Research (WDRs, DEC) 4.SD in IDA replenishments 5.Operational Policies 6.Recommendations from Internal Evaluations A rhetoric-reality gap +

15. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 Four Preliminary Strategic Directions 1.From Project to Program and Policy 2.SD Throughout the Project/Program Cycle, for Sustainability 3.Replicate and Deepen Interventions 4.Country Framework to Prioritize SD Interventions

16. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 Strategic Direction #1 From Project to Program and Policy Use social development approaches and methods beyond the project context. For example, at the macro level in country social analysis, poverty and social impact analysis (PSIA), poverty assessments and PRSPs.

17. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 Strategic Direction #2 SD Throughout the Project/Program Cycle for Sustainability Integrate social development approaches and tools throughout the project and program cycle – for example in early planning stages, in implementation, and in monitoring and evaluation.

18. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 Strategic Direction #3 Scale up and Deepen Interventions Scale up our efforts in social development by (a) building more social development interventions within a given community, project, program or country and (b) replicating successful interventions in other geographical areas or sectors, as appropriate.

19. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 Strategic Direction #4 Country Framework to Prioritize SD Interventions Prioritize social development interventions based on general country context. This would involve offering a different menu of SD services dependeing countries ’ economic level, institutional health, state of governance, and other similar factors. Certain generic social development interventions would be applicable to each category.

20. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 Business Strategy Overview  Business lines/products and tools  Countries of emphasis  Sectors and themes of emphasis  Partnerships  Organizational issues  Strategic staffing and skills mix  Resource issues

21. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 SD Strategy Timetable Issues Paper to Bank Management (March 2002)  Conceptual framework, background, stocktaking papers (underway)  Drafting of Regional strategy papers (ongoing)  Consultations on strategic directions (ongoing)  Drafting of Bank-wide strategy (just beginning)  First draft of strategy paper to Bank Board of Directors (early 2003)  Consultations on strategy paper (2003-2004)  Strategy with business plan to Bank Board of Directors (early 2004)

22. Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002 Questions  Do the strategic directions make sense to you? What obstacles do you think we might face in implementing such a strategy?  How do these strategic directions and SD work program areas relate to your approach to development cooperation?  Given the relationship between the Bank’s approach and that of BMZ, what should be the focus of continued partnership? (Can we add to PSIA, Accountability and Conflict as areas of mutual interest?)  Do you have any advice from experience with mainstreaming a cross-cutting topic such as social development into your institution (or others)?