1. Formulating Arguments and Improving Speaking Skills
Logic and Debate
Formulating Arguments and Improving Speaking Skills

2. What is Logic?
Merriam Webster: “the science that studies the formal processes used in thinking and reasoning”
Key Words
Science, studies
Formal
Thinking, reasoning

3. Informal Logic Used to assess and analyze arguments Process:
Identify claim/argument
Analyze support and evidence
Identify logical fallacies: break downs and incorrect structuring of arguments and beliefs

4. Fact vs. Opinion Facts are more trustworthy than opinions
Facts can be checked
Use facts to support arguments
Opinions are not trustworthy
Avoid using opinions in arguments
Everyone has different opinions

5. Fact vs. Opinion Activity:

6. Sequence of Events
If sequence is not logical, it can cause confusion and inaccuracies
Chronological order
Use transitions
Examples?
At first, then, suddenly, next, after

7. Sequence of Events Activity

8. Cause and Effect Shows relationships between events
This happened because this happened
Use transitions
Examples?
Due to, because, therefore, consequently, so, since, because of, but

9. Cause and Effect
Activity:

10. Preparing for a Debate Topic Take a stand Research
Sources to support your argument
Sources should be credible and reliable (facts not opinions)
Structure your argument

11. Structure of Argument Claim/Argument Reason Reason Reason Evidence

12. Speaking Skills Make note-cards Look at the audience
highlight key words for emphasis
Look at the audience
Speak loudly, slowly, and clearly
Avoid mispronunciations and stutters
Shows lack of confidence, lack of vocabulary knowledge
Be aware of body movements
Distracting, shows nervousness or lack of focus