1. Chapter 6: The Phoenicians & Hebrews
1200 B.C. – 510 B.C.

2. Section 1: Phoenicians
Came from small land that connected Mesopotamia & Egypt
Known as Canaanites
Phoenician – means purple merchants
Came from Northern Canaan
Most information we know comes from the Bible

3. Growth of Trade Rise of Phoenician Trade Effects Causes
Control of Med. Trade
Traveling workshops
Plotted courses by sun & stars
Exploration of new land
Spread of culture
Use of treaties to keep peace
Causes
Rise of
Phoenician Trade
Location along sea
Scarcity of land to grow food
Cedar forests to build ships

4. Cities of Phoenicia
Each city was its own city-state b/c of isolation from mountains
Money from trade caused jealousy among
Largest cities: Tyre, Byblos, Beirut, Sidon

5. Led by Kings & Councils
Skilled as carpenters, cabinetmakers, and metal workers
Port = center of activity
Important cloth-dying centers

6. Gods & Goddesses Believed in many nature gods Built temples
Holy of holies – sacred chamber where image or stone was kept
Believed in life after death
Buried their dead in clay urns
Embalmed & wrapped the body

7. Carthage – 814 BC
Colonies (permanent settlements) turned into trading cities along Northern Africa
Most famous: Carthage
Dido from Tyre said to have built city

8. Phoenician Alphabet Used to keep records of trading
Use of Pictures Hieroglyphics Canaan Writing Alphabet
22 Symbols or letters but no vowels
Reader would know what vowel sound to put in
Read from right to left
Used to keep records of trading
Brought to Europe where Greeks &
Romans changed it.