1. ASIA A WORLD OF EXTREMES

2. HIMALAYAN Mountains  Tallest mountains in the world (Nepal, India and China) * Avg Height- About 23,000 feet * Tallest Peak- Everest 29,000 feet ** Formed by collision of tectonic plates (Indian Plate crashed into Eurasian Plate)

3. Himalaya Mountains and Mt. Everest

4. Nepal Village

5. Katmandu, Nepal

6. Major Rivers: Yangzi (Chang Jiang ) Longest River in China (3 rd longest in the world) Navigable Water (Industry)

7. Major Rivers: Huang He (Yellow River)  Second longest river in China  Begins in Tibetan Plateau (other side of Himalayan Mountains)  Known for flooding (destructive river)

8. Major Rivers: Ganges  Ganges River Basin has the highest population in the world (400 million people use the river)  Sacred to Hindu Religion  Heavily polluted river (Human and Industrial waste)

9. Major Rivers: Indus  Main river in the country of Pakistan  NOT a navigable body of water (too fast and shallow)  Mainly used for Irrigation (Subsistence farming)

10. Major Rivers: Tigris and Euphrates  Both rivers crucial for middle east (source of fresh water and travel)  Used for irrigation  Cradle of Civilization (Mesopotamia)

11. BIG Idea Question: Formation of Himalayan Mountains  Collision of plate tectonics (convergent plates) (Mr. Swope )  Indian Plate collides with the Eurasian Plate over millions and millions of years  This is still happening – mountains grow very little each year / mountains also weather and erode so they stay relatively the same size

12. BIG Idea Question: China’s Economy and the Yangzi River  Yangzi River is a major river in the eastern 1/3 of China  It is a Navigable river 1. Meets the needs of almost 2 billion people 2. China exports goods all over the world (USA Trade) 3. Yangzi River brings in billions of dollars each year because of trade and transportation

13. China: Mao Zedong  Communist leader of China (Served 1943- 1969)  Founded the People’s Republic of China and turned China into a Communist Country  Did some good things modernizing China / but also a ruthless dictator who killed millions of his own people

14. Free Enterprise  Economic system where people have freedoms to choose their own jobs, start private businesses and make a profit  Also includes farming for a profit  China uses a “Limited” form of this

15. Taiwan  Republic of China (working to become independent) * Have their own constitution and gov.) * Are democratic Industrial area, many imports and exports Export technology (Computer chips) Trade with China ($$$$$)

16. BIG Idea Question- Population Density in China  China has almost 2 BILLION people  Most people live in the eastern 1/3 of the country Eastern 1/3 has: 1. Fertile Soil (North China Plain) 2. Resources (2 major river systems- Yangzi and Yellow River) 3. Industrial Opportunities- Trade from Yangzi River to the Pacific (Imports/Exports) 4. Suitable Climate

17. Population Density in China- Map  Western 2/3 of China are desert and the Tibetan Plateau  Harsh Climate and difficult living conditions in Himalayan regions of Tibet

18. Population Density China: Map

19. BIG Idea Questions: Japan  Population Density in Japan: 1. Small island so density is high (no room!) 2. Most people live in large urbanized areas along the coast 3. Inland Japan is very mountainous 4. Most economic opportunity and industry is found in big cities on the ocean

20. Population Density Map of Japan

21. BIG Idea Questions: Japan Economy  Japan as an Economic Powerhouse 1. Japan is an island so they have few agricultural resources 2. They need to IMPORT a lot of resources Constant cycle of importing and exporting goods to make a profit 1. They import resources to produce an item 2. Make the item in their factories and export the item for profit 3. They use some profits to invest in more imports and continue exporting (constantly making $$$) *** Spending money to make money ***

22. India: Social Castes and Quotas  Social Castes- grouping people in society based on economic levels * Rich to poor * Dalits- lowest class in India (extremely poor) Quotas- A limited or fixed number of people or things * Govt. in India reserves a limited number of jobs and educational opportunities for Dalits

23. BIG Idea Question: Social Castes in India  Social Castes grouped people unfairly in India from rich to poor * Rich had more opportunities, best education and job status * Poor groups could not get out of poverty (Dalits- lowest level in Indian society) Making Improvements: 1. Social Caste system is weakening in India (Gandhi- peaceful protests) 2. Efforts are being made to close the social gap between the classes / progress is slow, but life is improving 3. Quotas- Reserving job and educational opportunities for Dalits * Goal- less poverty in India / more equality among classes /

24. Saudi Arabia  Mecca- Holy city in Saudi Arabia where Muslims make a religious journey (pilgrimage)

25. Hajj  Hajj- name for the religious pilgrimage Muslims take in the Islam faith * journey to Mecca * Muslims make journey at least once in their lifetime Usually lasts about 5 days Sometime during October or November 15 million Muslims go each year

26. Islam basics… Muslim- person Islam- Religion Major Concepts: 1. Quran- Holy Book 2. 5 pillars of faith 3. Hajj- Spiritual journey to Mecca (in Saudi Arabia- holiest city in their faith)

27. BIG Idea Question: Colonial Rule in SE Asia  Most of Southeast Asia had been colonized by European countries (Britain/France/Portugal/Netherlands/US) Colonial Rulers forced islands to grow valuable cash crops (coffee) / rice production fell and people starved Colonial Rulers also built roads, bridges and rail lines making transportation easier Today: 1. Many of these islands are independent and have their own forms of government 2. Still have some cultural connections to their colonial rule time period

28. Humans and the Physical Environment  Arable Land- Land that is able to be farmed / fertile land  Monsoons- Seasonal changes in WIND patterns / summer time winds bring heavy rain / winter time winds are dry (no precipitation)

29. Summer Monsoon Summer monsoon winds come from the ocean Bring a lot of rain Some areas receive 40+ inches of rain May-October

30. Monsoon: Winter  Winter monsoon winds come from the mountains  Air is very dry (little precipitation)  November to April

31. BIG Idea Question: Monsoons and Agriculture  Monsoons- seasonal WINDS that: during the summer bring a lot of rain / during the winter bring very dry air Impact on Agriculture: 1. Asia produces much of the world’s rice 2. Rice needs A LOT of water to grow 3. Rice will grow well during the summer monsoon season, where there is plenty of rainfall 4. Other drier areas in Asia will produce potatoes, wheat etc…

32. Rice production in Asia