1. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) February 6th, 2007 Junfeng Zhou Promotor: Prof. Wim Dehaene KULeuven ESAT-MICAS Update of the “Digital EMC project”

2. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Part I: AMIS problems on RD2E PCB and Chip Part II: di/dt measurement Part III: Improved EMI-Suppressing regulator structure Part IV: Future work Outline

3. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Part I. AMIS problem 1 – USB module USB module (with shielding box) Oscillator inside the USB module

4. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) AMIS problem 2 – Internal Oscillator Internal Oscillator Emissio n VDD VSS Cause trouble for 1 Ohm method, Less problematic for di/dt measurement

5. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Part II. di/dt measurements Low Drop-out / Serial Regulator AMIS digital load EMI-Suppressing Regulator (MICAS) GND VCC VDD VDD2 = 3.3 V VCCC =12 V i3i3i3i3 i 5 and V 2 i1i1 i 4 and V 1 PC configuration bits VCC = 4.5 V ~ 8 V i2i2 Setup 1 Setup 2 Setup 3

6. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Focus on setup-1 – Some preliminary results Internal Oscillator Digital Load Shift register (Shift register output buffer output buffer) GND VDD2 = 3.3 V i1i1 VDD3 (separate power supply) clk EMI

7. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) CurrentSpectrum 1. The impact of internal oscillator on Current Spectrum of VDD2 QP =QP =QP =QP =‘1’ Note: internal oscillator disable, di/dt on VDD2, di/dt on VDD2, Fig. 1Fig. 2 QP =QP =QP =‘1’, QP =‘0’, Note: internal oscillator enable, Note: internal oscillator enable, di/dt on VDD2, di/dt on VDD2, Conclusion: Internal clock may cause some problems

8. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) CurrentSpectrum 2. Comparison of internal and external clock on Current Spectrum of VDD2 Fig. 2Fig. 3 QP =QP =QP =‘1’, QP =‘0’, Note: internal oscillator enable, Note: internal oscillator enable, di/dt on VDD2, di/dt on VDD2, QP =QP =QP =‘1’, QP =‘0’, QP =‘0’, Note: external clock enable, Note: external clock enable, di/dt on VDD2, di/dt on VDD2, internal oscillator is powered down internal oscillator is powered down Conclusion: Much worse with external clk

9. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) CurrentSpectrum 3. The impact of oscillator inside USB module on Current Spectrum of VDD2(no switching activity) Fig. 4Fig. 2 No big difference QP =QP =QP =‘1’, QP =‘0’, Note: di/dt on VDD2, Note: di/dt on VDD2, USB module is powered down USB module is powered down and the latch is enabled and the latch is enabled QP =QP =QP =‘1’, QP =‘0’, Note: internal oscillator enable, Note: internal oscillator enable, di/dt on VDD2, di/dt on VDD2,

10. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) CurrentSpectrum 4. The impact of internal oscillator in USB module on Current Spectrum of VDD2(working condition) Fig. 6Fig. 5 QP =QP =QP =‘1’, QP =‘0’ QP =‘1’, Note: Note: di/dt on VDD2, di/dt on VDD2, QP =QP =QP =‘1’, QP =‘0’ QP =‘1’, Note: di/dt on VDD2, Note: di/dt on VDD2, USB module is powered down USB module is powered down and the latch is enabled and the latch is enabled No big difference

11. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) CurrentSpectrum 5. The impact of load on Current Spectrum of VDD2 1 DFF chain 2 DFF chains 3 DFF chains 4 DFF chains 5 DFF chains only clock present 4.02 MHz clk from internal oscillator, Data input from on-chip 21-bit Random Generator.

12. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) CurrentTransient 6. The impact of load on Current Transient of VDD2 1 DFF chain 2 DFF chains 3 DFF chains 4 DFF chains 5 DFF chains Pk-Pk: 23.8mV Pk-Pk: 45mV Pk-Pk: 66.3mV Pk-Pk: 86.9mV Pk-Pk: 108.1mV

13. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) di/dtTransient 7. The impact of load on di/dt Transient of VDD2 In general, as more DFF chains are on, the di/dt peak increases proportionally.

14. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Conclusions On-chip internal oscillator won’t hurt much, which is common for all measurements. Oscillator inside USB module is not a problem at all, shielding box can do most of the job. Setup for massive measurements is in preparation  Automatic setup shall be ok by this week,  Agreement on data to be measured ?

15. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT)  z1 cancel off the  p1 Make the  p2 cut-off frequency This zero is intrinsic for this feedback topology sacrifices dynamic noise performance noise performance Part III: EMI-Suppressing Regulator possible improvement Frequency H(s)-dB  z1  p1  p2 peaking Previous structure problem: di/dt TF: pole-zero tracking !!

16. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Cascode compensation (Ahuja, JSSC 12/1983) 1 2 The feed forward path is removed, Miller effect still available, A 2 Cc instead of (1+ A 2 Cc ) for miller cap, Improved PSRR performance,Improved PSRR performance,

17. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Ahuja inspired... However, our di/dt TF is other way around !!! According to maple simulation, things are getting even worse because the -3dB frequency is shifted to even high frequency. The reason is that there is voltage gain from V3 to Vctrl, i.e.: Vctrl /V3=gm2*Rota ? If gm2*Rota << 1 ? This trick doesn’t help !!! One degree of freedom is added !!! Kill the Vctrl/V3 gain !

18. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Some formulas  p1 :  p2 :  z1 :  p1 :  p2 :  z1 : Now Previous Assume: ( Assume: )

19. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Maple calculation of the new structure -3dB 100 kHz -3dB frequency moves down to below 40 kHz,-3dB frequency moves down to below 40 kHz, At 100 kHz, there is already decent di/dt suppression.At 100 kHz, there is already decent di/dt suppression. Maple calculation is ready To Be Done: Spice simulation to verify Maple calculation ? Re-design EMI-Suppressing Regulator based on this new structure ?

20. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Part IV: Future Work Continue the digital load measurements, More analysis for new structure:  Stability and Transient,  Spice simulation.

21. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Questions Thank you for your attention