1. Beyond the Atomic Bomb - Why Japan Lost WWII Dr. Laura Yost Interdisciplinary Studies

2. The Top Ten Reasons Why Japan Lost World War II 10. Not due to inferiority! 9. Meiji Restoration legacy 8. Obsessions over Mahan 7. Intra-service rivalry 6. Firebombing 5. Terrible historians! 4. Morass in China 3. Flawed military strategy 2. Poor peripheral planning 1. “Arsenal of Democracy”

3. Not Due to Inferiority

4. “The World’s Foremost People” Shido Minzoku Tokugawa Shogunate falls (1868) Meiji Restoration Unparalleled successes =1sts! “Datsu-A Ron” = “Good-Bye” Shaped by imperialism (1890) Meiji Constitution

5. Obsessions over Mahan Influence of Sea Power Upon History military & commercial gains “Commerce, Command, Control” justifies greater expenditures ideas: concentration & decisive acts eclipsed by carrier-based aircraft

6. Intra-service Rivalry: IJN vs. IJA Imperial Japanese Navy = Kyūjitai 1869 established; 2 services 1872 “Rikushu kaitu” = “Army comes 1 st, Navy comes 2 nd ” Kaibō versus Kokubō battles on... (1907) National Defense Policy spies, weather forecasts, & intelligence essentially fighting a “2-Front War”

7. Firebombing Japan = “Blankets of Fire” March 1945 (Tokyo) 80,000 - 135,000 deaths 40-50% of surface area 15.8 square miles = GONE! 8% of entire city 1,899° F (melts asphalt) 2/66 B-29 loses due to Japan

8. Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) decisive fleet engagement attrition vs. # superior enemy quality over quantity: weaponry fighting “spirit” end game = negotiate Terrible Historians! Second World War (1937-1945) ‘Victory Disease” enticing! “South Seas Fever”

9. Morass in China 170 million; 700,000 sq. miles = 70,000 casualties 36 divisions in Manchuria/China fighting Nationalist & Communists holds key ports & coastal territory “The Red Scare” & negotiations

10. Flawed Wartime Strategy wanted & needed a limited war hard to remain on the defensive exploit internal lines vs. staying put! tentative “decisive battle”

11. Poor Peripheral Planning island nation at war = vulnerable lacked skilled reserves economy already at its limit shipping allocation = spread thin cannot replace losses belated government oversight

12. USS Bowfin – Launched 7 December 1942

13. “Powerful American forces, supported by innumerable planes, tanks, and ships, have already landed on your shores. Resistance against such overwhelming masses of men and equipment can only be futile. We know your valor, but you can't do the impossible.” OWI Leaflet 514 The Arsenal of Democracy

14. “While you may have your initial successes due to timing and surprise, the time will come when you too will have your losses, but there will be a great difference. You will not only be unable to make up for your losses but grow weaker as time goes on; while on the other hand we will grow stronger as time goes on. It is inevitable that we shall crush you before we are through with you,” Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Stark to Ambassador Nomura The “Arsenal of Democracy”