1. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Body Composition Chapters 7 and 8

2. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Body Composition l Overweight vs Overfat l Metropolitan Life Insurance Height- Weight Charts

3. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Two-component Model: l Fat mass l Fat-free mass

4. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Four Component Model l Adipose l Bone l Muscle l Water

5. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Criterion Referenced Standards: l College Aged Men Women l Underfat < 3%<12% l Healthy Zones 3-20%12-30% l Overfat >20%> 30% l Obese> 25%> 35%

6. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Essential Fat l Necessary for normal physiologic function l Men = ~ 3% l Women = ~ 12%

7. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Non-essential fat l Stored energy l Average for College Aged l Man = 12% l Woman = 12%

8. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Average for College Aged Male = 15% Female = 24%

9. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Sport specific body fat levels l Movement required? l Resistance to movement required?

10. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Body Composition Abnormalities l Obesity Epidemic –$168 billion expense –33.3% of all U.S. adults are obese - “an excess of body fat frequently resulting in a significant impairment of health” –~70% are sedentary –~25% of school-aged children are obese. –70% chance of early death.

11. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Creeping Obesity l Food Intake l Activity Levels l Basal Metabolic Rate

12. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Fat Management l Energy in = energy out = no change in fatness l Energy in > energy out = get fatter l Energy in < energy out = lose fat

13. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University IT IS JUST AS DANGEROUS TO YOUR HEALTH TO BE UNDERFAT AS IT IS TO BE OVERFAT!!!!!

14. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Underfatness and eating disorders l Anorexia nervosa l Bulimia nervosa

15. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Factors Influencing Body Composition l Energy intake l Energy output l Genetics

16. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Fat Patterning l Sex related patterns l Genetic based patterns

17. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Truncal Adiposity

18. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Fat Storage l One door room. l Primary storage sites. l Secondary storage sites. l Hyperplasia vs Hypertrophy

19. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Unwise Fat Loss Techniques 1. Starvation. l Fat loss l Water loss = dehydration l Muscle loss. l Fat gain.

20. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Unwise Fat Loss Techniques 2. Decreased retention l Laxatives and Diuretics –dehydration –malnutrition

21. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Unwise Fat Loss Techniques 3. Increased metabolism. l Stimulants –tolerance –addiction

22. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Unwise Fat Loss Techniques l 4. Liposuction.

23. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Unwise Fat Loss Techniques l 5. Magic. –Pills –Lotions –Vibration –etc

24. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Reality vs Image

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29. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Maintenance of a Healthy Body Composition Profile The only proven way to maintain a healthy body composition profile is to balance healthy nutrition with regular exercise.

30. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Fat Loss Dieting alone is ineffective

31. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Fat Loss Exercise alone is also ineffective. l You would have to run 35 miles to expend the energy in one pound of fat!

32. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Fat Loss Of the two, exercise is most influential

33. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University ACSM recommends l eat 250 less per day l expend 250 more per day –(walk 2.5 miles) l = 500 kcal per day reduction

34. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University ACSM recommends l do this 7 days a week l = 3500 kcal in a week l = 52 lbs in a year l See additional recommendations

35. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Assessment of Body Composition 1. Chemical analysis of cadavers. l Most accurate l Can only pre-test l Tough finding volunteers

36. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Assessment of Body Composition 2. Hydrostatic weighing. –Land weight – Residual Volume and GI volume – Water weight – Archimedes’ principle – Density – Percent fat. – + 2 percent error.

37. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Assessment of Body Composition 3. Skinfold assessment. l Subcutaneous fat l Site specific measurements l Population specific equations – Jackson, Pollock, Wilmore – Lohman – Yuhaz l + 3-4 percent error

38. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Assessment of Body Composition 4. Body Mass Index l wt (kg)/ht 2 (m) l Normal = < 25 men; < 27 women l Moderately obese = 25-30 men; 27-30 women l Massively obese = 30-40 either l Morbidly obese = > 40.

39. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Assessment of Body Composition 5. Bioelectric Impedance Analysis l Electrical current l Total body water volume l Body density l Fat mass l +3-20 percent error (depending on equation)

40. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Assessment of Body Composition l Bod Pod l Air displacement

41. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Concerns of Assessment: l Confidentiality l Accuracy l Purpose l Over-emphasis

42. YOUR LOGO HERE Illinois State University Current Body Wt Goal % Fat* Goal % LBM* Current % Fat* Current Fat Wt Current LBM Target Body Wt 1 * % is expressed as a decimal. Divide by 100 before entering the data. X  by minus Computing Target Wt assuming all wt. Loss is fat Fill in boxes with double lines and compute others