1. Malnutrition across the globe Regional trends Global trends Dr Anthony Wemakor Dept of Community Nutrition SMHS-UDS Oct 2013

2. Underweight Underweight is defined as weight-for-age below -2 SD from the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards Underweight is a composite measure of stunting and wasting Underweight prevalence in children 0-5 yrs. is an indicator for the “Hunger Target” of MDG 1

3. No. of Countries – Underweight prevalence (0-5 y) RegionTotal n (%) Improving n (%) No change n (%) Deterioratin g n (%) Africa42 (100)18 (43)10 (24)14 (33) Asia25 (100)14 (56)10 (40)1 (4) South & Central America & Caribbean 19 (100)6 (32)11 (58)2 (11) Total86 (100)38 (44)31 (36)17 (20) Change of 2 percentage points between surveys was taken as improving or deteriorating

4. Underweight (0-5 y) trends - Africa

5. Underweight (0-5 y) trends - Asia

6. Underweight (0-5 y) trends – Latin America & Caribbean

7. Underweight (0-5 y) trends – Global

8. Progress towards Hunger Goal (MDG1) Africa has made insufficient progress Underweight target for 2015 10.8% Underweight rate 21.5% (1990) - 19.6% (2007) Asia is on track Underweight target for 2015 16.9% Underweight rate 33.8% (1990) – 21.6% (2007) Eastern Asia has met MDG1 Goal Latin America has met Goal Underweight target for 2015 3.8% Underweight rate 7.5% (1990) – 3.8% (2007)

9. Stunting Stunting is defined as height-for-age below -2 SD from the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards Stunting is a result of chronic malnutrition i.e. prolonged food deprivation and/or illness

10. No. of Countries – Stunting prevalence (0-5 y) RegionTotal n (%) Improving n (%) No change n (%) Deterioratin g n (%) Africa29 (100)12 (41)6 (21)11 (38) Asia20 (100)13 (65)6 (30)1 (5) South & Central America & Caribbean 14 (100)6 (43)7 (50)1 (7) Total63 (100)31 (49)19 (30)13 (21) Change of 2 percentage points between surveys was taken as improving or deteriorating

11. Stunting (0-5 y) trends - Africa

12. Stunting (0-5 y) trends - Asia

13. Stunting (0-5 y) trends – Latin America & Caribbean

14. Stunting (0-5 y) trends – Global

15. Low birth weight (LBW) LBW is defined as birth weight less than 2,500g Highly correlated with perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality Reduction of LBW will contribute to attainment of the MDG4

16. No. of Countries – LBW 1997-2007 RegionTotal n (%) Improving n (%) No change n (%) Deterioratin g n (%) Sub-Saharan Africa 28 (100)9 (32)13 (46)6 (21) Middle East & North Africa 4 (100)-3 (75)1 (25) Asia10 (100)4 (40) 2 (20) Latin America & Caribbean 15 (100)3 (20)8 (53)4 (27) Total60* (100)17 (28)30 (50)13 (22) *Includes 3 newly created States Change of 2 percentage points between surveys was taken as improving or deteriorating

17. Incidence of LBW - Africa

18. Incidence of LBW - Asia

19. Incidence of LBW – Latin America & Caribbean

20. Incidence of LBW – Global

21. Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) Assessed using serum retinol concentration VAD: low serum retinol <20µg/dl or <0.7µmol/l

22. VA Deficiency trends - Africa

23. VA Deficiency trends - Asia

24. VA Deficiency – South and Central America & Caribbean

25. VA Deficiency trends – Global