1. Biomolecules

2. ALL BIOMOLECULES CONTAIN CARBON
Carbon has 4 valence electrons.
Carbon has the ability to form more compounds than any other element.

3. Large, complex molecules Made from simple repeating units
Biomolecules
Large, complex molecules
Made from simple repeating units
4 Major Groups of Biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

4. CARBOHYDRATES Sugars that provide short term energy to cells
Primarily come from plants
Referred to as “CHO’s” because carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

5. Functions of Carbohydrates:
Main Source of
Energy For Cells
80% of our Energy intake
2. Structural Support
From chitin and cellulose
3. Cell Recognition
short sugar chain identify cells

6. The Carbon Cycle = Recycling Carbon

7. MONOSACCHARIDES: Single sugar molecule
There are three different monosaccharides
GLUCOSE : (5 Carbon ring)
GALACTOSE: (5 Carbon ring)
FRUCTOSE: (4 Carbon ring)

8. A CLOSER LOOK AT GLUCOSE
Glucose is the principal sugar found in blood
Molecular Formula is C6H12O6

9. DISACCHARIDES: two monosaccharides bonded together
Examples
MALTOSE : “Beer sugar”
Made of
GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE

10. DISACCHARIDES: CONTINUED two monosaccharides bonded together
Examples
2) SUCROSE: “TABLE SUGAR”
Made of
GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE

11. DISACCHARIDES: CONTINUED two monosaccharides bonded together
Examples
3) LACTOSE : “Milk sugar”
Made of
GLUCOSE + GALACTOSE

12. POLYSACCHARIDES: Large Carbohydrate Molecules (complex)
1. GLYCOGEN
ANIMAL STORAGE OF CHO’S
HUMAN MUSCLE AND LIVER CELLS STORE GLYCOGEN FOR EMERGENCY SUPPLIES
BRANCHED CHAIN OF GLUCOSE

13. POLYSACCHARIDES: 2. STARCH PLANT STORAGE OF CHO’S
HUMAN’S ARE ABLE TO BREAKDOWN AND USE FOR ENERGY EX) POTATO
COILED CHAIN OF GLUCOSE

14. POLYSACCHARIDES: Large Carbohydrate Molecules (complex)
3. CELLULOSE
LONG STRAIGHT CHAIN OF GLUCOSE
MAKES UP PLANT CELL WALLS
HUMANS CANNOT DIGEST CELLULOSE AND CANNOT BE USED FOR ENERGY

15. POLYSACCHARIDES:

16. WHAT DO THESE HAVE IN COMMON