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Proteins. What are proteins? Chain of molecules of Amino Acids called a polypeptide chain Found in: muscle, hormones, enzymes Monomers of proteins.

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Presentation on theme: "Proteins. What are proteins? Chain of molecules of Amino Acids called a polypeptide chain Found in: muscle, hormones, enzymes Monomers of proteins."— Presentation transcript:

1 Proteins

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4 What are proteins? Chain of molecules of Amino Acids called a polypeptide chain Found in: muscle, hormones, enzymes Monomers of proteins are amino acids –20 total AA

5 Major Functions of Proteins 1.Provide energy 2. Enzyme catalyst: speed up rxn 3. Defense: use shape to recognize foreign invaders

6 4. Transport: hemoglobin-oxygen to RBC 5.Support: fibrous proteins 1.Fibrin in blood clots 2.Collagen-matrix of skin

7 Amino Acids Monomers of Proteins All contain: 1. Amino group NH 2 2. Carboxyl group –COOH 3. R group -different for every AA -determines the properties of AA Joined together by peptide bonds

8 Peptide Bonds Amino acids join together by peptide bond Forms when amino end of one AA joins to carboxyl end of another AA by dehydration synthesis.

9 http://science.nhmccd.edu/BioL/dehydrat/dehydrat.html

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11 Protein structures As AA join, R groups interact and cause molecules to bond 1.Primary-straight chain 2.Secondary-helix 3.Tertiary-mass 4.Quaternary-2 proteins combined

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13 Enzymes All enzymes are proteins Speed up chemical rxn; catalyst Shape of protein allows it to bond to specific molecules called substrates, causes a change in shape Examples maltase: breaks down maltose into 2 glucose lipase: breaks down lipids into fatty acids protease: breaks down proteins into amino acids **works best under certain temperatures or pH

14 Enzymes

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