1. After the Great War Part 1: False Optimism

2. #1: No More War Woodrow Wilson’s League of Nations – Established to prevent future wars – Many nations joined- but NOT USA?! – Ultimately weak Kellogg-Briand Pact- agreement to outlaw war forever – …at least until someone breaks it…

3. #2 Roaring 20s Economy apparently thriving – Industry doing well – New products and marketing – Assembly line Model T in USA – Buying on credit…. :o – This would cause trouble…

4. #3 Women’s Suffrage Women had worked in factories during war In 20s women gained suffrage (voting rights) in: – Britain – USA – Germany

5. And so the world was changing... But it was about to change in some unexpected ways...

6. The Great Depression October 1929- The Stock Market Crash Signals the beginning of the Great Depression Unemployment skyrockets Worldwide economic crash Germany hit the hardest…

7. Economic Depressions can have unintended side-effects...

8. Totalitarianism: How Did it Happen?

9. What is Fascism? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hitler_and_Mussolini_June_1940.jpg Eva Braun

10. I. What is Fascism? All forms of Fascism share some basic features: extreme nationalism It glorifies action, violence, and discipline encourages blind loyalty to the state undemocratic They reject the concepts of “equality” and “liberty” glorified war sworn enemies of socialism and communism

11. Fascism Spreads As the Great Depression spread, other nations looked to Fascist leaders to save them Italy- Mussolini Spain- Franco

12. Germany goes Democratic: Weimar Republic At the end of the war in 1918, Germany was on the brink of chaos Kaiser William II abdicated Moderate leaders forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles

13. 1919 The Weimar Republic: Was led by a prime minister, or chancellor Included a bill of rights

14. What went wrong in Germany?

15. Germans of all classes blamed the government for the hated Treaty of Versailles Problem #1

16. #2 Economic Trouble inflation began to spiral out of control – An item that cost 100 marks in July 1922 – In August 1923 it cost 944,000, making the mark almost worthless – A loaf of bread or newspaper cost tens of thousands of marks – Wages went up, but not enough, as middle class families saw their savings wiped out Many Germans accused Marxists and Jews of an imaginary conspiracy to betray Germany

17. The miseries of the 1923 inflation came back when the Great Depression hit Germans turned to an energetic leader http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hitler_and_Mussolini_June_1940.jpg Eva Braun

18. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany #3: Enter Adolf Hitler Hitler became the leader of the National Socialist German Workers, or Nazi, party The Great Depression played into his hands As unemployment rose, Nazi membership grew to almost a million He promised to end reparations, create jobs, and rearm Germany

19. Hitler urged Germans to unite He said that Germany must expand to provide room for the “master race” He also argued that Germany would need a strong leader, or Fuhrer

20. In 1933, other conservative politicians decided Hitler should become chancellor

21. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany Do Not Write- Hitler’s Third Reich Like Mussolini, Hitler appealed to nationalism by recalling his nation’s past glory Germany’s 1 st Reich was the Holy Roman Empire Germany’s 2 nd Reich was the empire of Bismarck that ended with WWI Hitler predicted his 3 rd Reich would dominate Europe for 1,000 years

22. Hitler’s Plan Part 1: CONTROL Like Mussolini, Hitler came to power legally Within a year, Hitler was the master of Germany. Hitler quickly: Suspended civil rights Destroyed the Communists Disbanded other political parties The Nazis dominated Germany, and Hitler dominated the Nazis, purging any perceived threats http://docs.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/images/photodb/23-0463a.gif

23. To achieve his goals- brutal system of terror The Nazis controlled all aspects of life from government, to religion, to schools Elite SS troops enforced Hitler’s will His secret police, the Gestapo, rooted out opposition http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E2%80%9CGive_me_four_years%E2%80%99_time%E2%80%9D.jpg

24. Part 2: Help the Masses To combat the Great Depression, Hitler launched massive public works projects Roads and housing were built He began to rearm quickly (in violation of the Treaty of Versailles) His programs stimulated business and reduced unemployment

25. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany Part 3: Nazi Ideology: Make a Scapegoat Someone to blame!!! According to Hitler, Germans belonged to a superior “master race” of Aryans, or light skinned Europeans He claimed that Germany had not lost WWI, but were betrayed by Marxist, Jews, corrupt politicians, and business leaders

26. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany Part 4: “Reeducate” the Children: Nazi Youth Like Italian Fascists and Russian Communists, the Nazis indoctrinated their young people with their racist ideology Young people pledged loyalty to Germany and undertook physical fitness programs to prepare for battle

27. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany Part 5: Censorship Purging German Culture Nazis used art and education as propaganda School courses and textbooks were rewritten At huge public bonfires, Nazis burned books they disapproved of

28. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany Purging German Culture Hitler despised Christianity as “weak” and “flabby” and he planned to replace religion with his own radical creed The Nazis took control of all Protestant churches and shut down Catholic churches

29. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany Looking Ahead By the late 1930s, Hitler had total control of Germany, Europe’s second Fascist state He sought to extend his control of Germany to German control over Europe http://docs.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/images/photodb/23-0464a.gif