1. What’s new in the new Industrial Policy in Latin America
Robert Devlin and Graciela Moguillanski
Comment by Carlos Alvarez
OECD Development Centre

2. Why industrial policy in Latin America?
Latin America has experienced high rates of growth but,
Strongly linked to commodity prices and complementarities with China , and consequently vulnerable.
Not accompanied with significant increases in productivity.
Without export diversification

3. Vulnerability to China’s performance.
Recovery after the crisis is stronger in countries that are more complementary with China
While Latin America has shown a high dynamism during the first decade of the century, like many other developing countries, it is quite clear that an important part of this phenomenon is explained by exogenous factors, particularly the emergence of China in world trade and the commodity boom that it generated (IDB,...).

4. Weak Productivity Growth
Weak Productivity Growth. Annual average trend growth of GDP per worker
Lo interesante es que muestra que la región es heterogénea incluso entre países con tasas de crecimiento similares.

5. A different scenario for Industrial Policy.
The current global scenario offers opportunities for catching up (open markets, expanded knowledge diffusion, Global Value Chains, Knowledge Process Outsourcing, etc.)
But , policy makers in LA face constraints in their policy options:
Open Economies (protection is not an option, at least for Small Countries)
Irruption of China in the world trade, with very aggressive catching up policies.
Rents (substantial increase in commodity prices attracts businesses and local talent in search of a portion of revenue windfall).
Reduced base of manufacturing companies.

6. This is not a scenario in which weak industrial policies can succeed
Effective New Industrial Policy requires
Strategic coherence between public and private sector.
Solid agencies endowed with skilled personnel.
Alignment between public organizations.
But also,
Adequate budgets that finance high power incentives,
and Strong political support.

7. Latin America: Half-hearted Industrial Policy
Small budgets impede the establishment of strong incentives.
Weak performance of critical input markets (long term financing, training).
Timid movement towards sector or cluster based programs.
Scarce use of high power instruments: Procurement, Mission Oriented Research, Sectoral Innovation Programs, Selective Investment Attraction. Weak policy Integration.

8. Conclusions
Based on recent advances, Latin America needs to move decisively towards a next stage in Industrial Policy.
It should channel a part of the rents of Natural Resources to catch up in promising sectors.
Strengthen its industrial policy framework by including in the mix, a sectoral or cluster approach with high power instruments that complement horizontal instruments.