1. The Duel for North America THEME: As part of their world wide rivalry, Great Britain and France engaged in a great struggle for colonial control of North America, culminating in the British victory in the French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War) that drove France from the continent. The French defeat created conditions for a growing conflict between Britain and its American colonies.

2. TRUE OR FALSE 1.The British Parliament passed the Sugar Act during the French and Indian War. 2.The Proclamation of 1763 was intended to keep FrenchCanadians from settling in British territory. 3.Pontiac allied with the British during the French and Indian War. 4.William Pitt was Britain’s greatest general of the war. 5.The French and Indian war lasted 5 years.

3. Map: European Claims in North America European Claims in North America The dramatic results of the British victory in the Seven Years (French and Indian) War are vividly demonstrated in these maps, which depict the abandonment of French claims to the mainland after the Treaty of Paris in 1763. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

6. English : Colonials 1700 - 20:1 1775 - 3:1 1775 2.5 million people in 13 colonies 90% pop. is rural VA, MA, PA, NC, MD are most populous 6% are Germans 7% Scots-Irish 20% African ???? Native American Middle Colonies most multi-ethnic

7. Competition for the Ohio Fr, Marquette, SJ – 1 st European to explore great lakes and Mississippi 1749, Virginia speculators in Ohio Company claim 500,000 acres in Ohio Valley 1754, George Washington, surveyor, leads 150 Virginia Militiamen to resists French movement on Ohio, esp. For Duquesne Washington loses Fort Necessity Seven Years War begins – global conflict “America was conquered in Germany.” William Pitt 1754 Albany Congress – seeks colonial unity, Indian alliances Union achieved in theory, not in fact

8. Daniel Boone Escorting Settlers Through the Cumberland Gap by George Caleb Bingham Bingham's is the best known of the many prints and paintings depicting this singular moment in colonial westward expansion. (Washington University Art Gallery) Daniel Boone Escorting Settlers Through the Cumberland Gap by George Caleb Bingham Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

10. Conflict in Europe, Conflict in Americas France and Spain frequently ally against Britain France allies with Native Americans, guerrilla style conflict in New World King William’s War, 1689-1697 Queen Anne’s War 1702-1713 Britain extends control, Treaty of Utrecht 1713 King George’s War, 1744-1748 French and Indian War, 1754-1763 Note: Acadians

11. Franklin’s Cartoon, Pennsylvania Gazette

12. http://www2.uiuc.edu/unit/armyrotc/program/mils123/necessity/fort.bmp Fort Necessity, May 1754 (reconstruction)

13. Map: The Seven Years War in America The Seven Years War in America After experiencing major defeats early in the war, Anglo-American forces turned the tide against the French by taking Fort Duquesne in late 1757 and Louisbourg in 1758. After Canada fell in 1760, the fighting shifted to Spain's Caribbean colonies. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

14. http://www.britishbattles.com/images/braddock/braddock-map-l.jpg http://reenacting.net/images/graphics/braddock2.jpg http://www.britishbattles.com/images/braddock/george-washington-l.jpg BRADDOCK ROAD

15. http://www.republiquelibre.org/cousture/images6/PONTIAC1.JPG http://www.hsp.org/files/fortduquesnewatercolor.jpg Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh)

16. Braddock’s Defeat 1755 Gen. Braddock, 2,000 men march on Fort Duquesne Mix of colonial militia and Regulars Braddock’s slow moving forces decimated by French and Indian forces, flanking Frontier goes up in flames, Indian raiding parties move uncontested Britian’s invasion of Canada, 1756, fails http://www.britishbattles.com/images/braddock/braddock-no-1-map.jpg

17. William Pitt 1757, Pitt becomes leader in Parliament 1758, Pitt organizes attacks on Montreal & Quebec, Louisbourg 1758 Fort Duquesne falls, renamed Pittsburgh Pitt puts James Wolfe in charge of taking Quebec Montcalm defends Quebec for France 1759 Quebec falls, Wolfe and Montcalm killed Battle for Quebec is one of most significant engagements in British and American history Montreal falls 1760 http://worldroots.com/brigitte/royal/pitt3.jpg

18. http://www.uppercanadahistory.ca/wm/wm8p34.jpg

19. Destruction of Lower Town, Quebec, by English Bombardment by Richard Short, 1759 After the fall of Quebec to British forces, France's defeat in North America was virtually certain. (National Archives of Canada) Destruction of Lower Town, Quebec, by English Bombardment by Richard Short, 1759 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

20. Peace? Line of Demarcation 1763 France thrown off continent entirely Spain given possession of New Orleans and trans- Mississippi Louisiana Spain loses Florida, regains Cuba Great Britain dominant in North America and at sea Friction growing b/w Britain and Colonials Growing smuggling Colonies fail to unite Pontiac’s Uprising – Increasing tension with N. Americans Cost of War leads to increasing friction with Britain

21. Map: European Settlements and Indians, 1754 http://www.sbg.ac.at/ges/people/wagnleitner/usa1/slide/early_settlements_1750.jpg European Settlements and Indian tribes 1750

22. Pontiac’s Uprising http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Pontiac%27s_war.png

23. Colonies and Britain Grow Apart Line of Demarcation inhibits movement west!!! This angers Colonials greatly. 10,000 British troops stationed in colony Quartering of troops angers colonists Cost of troops in Colonies heavy burden for Great Britain George Grenville becomes Prime Minister in 1763 Conflict over Smuggling and Searches of Private Property 1764 Sugar Act Seeds of Rebellion

24. Sugar Act WHO: Passed by George Grenville, British Prime Minister WHAT: Halved duties on molasses (to discourage smuggling) Created new duties on imports (to raise more $) Smuggling cases now to be heard in British Admiralty Courts, not colonial courts with colonial juries WHEN: 1764 WHERE: British Colonies WHY: Britain needed money to pay her huge debt from the French and Indian War and on-going cost of protecting the Frontier.

25. CONFLICT IN THE OHIO VALLEY PEACE? 1763

26. Wash. defeated FL now British Braddock defeated Ft. Duquesne fallsQuebec falls CONFLICT IN THE OHIO VALLEY PEACE? 1763 France leaves Am. Montreal falls Pitt takes charge