1. Chapter 7, section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

2. Learning Targets At the end of the lesson I can…………..
Explain the causes of the French Revolution
Identify the Enlightenment philosophers and their impact on the Enlightenment.
Identify the connection between the Enlightenment and the French Revolution.

3. Section 2 Study Guide questions:
Upon completion students should be able to:
Explain how the National Assembly changed France’s government.
Summarize the positions of the three factions that tried to govern France.
Explain how war and the king’s execution affected the Revolution.
Describe the events and the aftermath of the Reign of Terror.

4. In class today 1. Turning point quiz over French Rev. causes
2.Read primary source “Execution by Guillotine”/ Discuss
3. Small group French Revolution and Enlightenment exercise.
4. Class discussion using powerpoint notes.
5. Exit cards……….

5. The Guillotine 1. What was the purpose of the Guillotines?
2. According to the article what was the real impact of the Guillotines?
3. What likely constituted treason in France?
4. In what ways did the use of the Guillotine violate the principles of the Enlightenment?

6. Fr. Revolution and the Enlightenment
With you and your small group team: 1. Use the chart provided on the handout, identify the Enlightenment thinker and identify examples of where the French applied these principals in the Revolution. (5-7 minutes) 2. Discussion will follow, select a person to represent the group.

7. The Assembly Reforms France
The Rights of Man
National Assembly adopts Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Revolutionary leaders use the slogan, “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

8. The Assembly Reforms France continued
A State Controlled Church
National Assembly seizes church lands, turns clergy into public officials
This action alarms many peasants, who are devout Catholics

9. Louis Tries to Escape
Louis, worried about his future, attempts to escape France
Revolutionaries catch the royal family near Netherlands border

10. Divisions Develop Factions Split France
Major problems, including debt, food shortages remain
Assembly splits into Radicals, Moderates, Conservatives

11. Factions Split France continued
Émigrés-nobles who flee country, want Old Regime back in power
Sans-culottes-lower class who want more change from the Revolution

12. Problems with Other Countries
Austrian and Prussians want Louis in charge of France
France declares war

13. France at War Prussian forces soon threaten to attack Paris
Parisian mob jails royal family, kills guard
Mob breaks into prisons, killing over 1,000, including many who support king

14. France At War continued
Pressured by mob, Legislative Assembly deposes the king and then dissolves
National Convention takes office in September, forming French republic

15. Jacobins Take Control
Jacobins-radical political organization behind 1792 governmental changes
After a close vote, Louis XVI is found guilty of treason and beheaded
Guillotine-machine designed during the Revolution to behead people

16. Guillotine
The main tool used during the reign of terror in order to execute many.
Was actually invented to be a more humane method of imposing capital punishment.

17. The War Continues
French army wins great victory against Prussians and Austrians
In 1793 Britain, Spain, Holland join forces against France
National Convention orders draft of 300,000 to reinforce army

18. The Reign of Terror

19. Not all people in France support all changes of the Revolution
Divided Country
Not all people in France support all changes of the Revolution
Many believed the changes were too radical and led to anarchy.

20. Robespierre Assumes Control
Maximilien Robespierre-Jacobin leader rules France for a year
Becomes leader of the Committee for Public Safety, a dictator

21. Reign of Terror
Reign of Terror-Robespierre’s rule, which includes killing many opponents
Thousands die during the Terror, including former allies and Marie Antoinette
85% of those who die during the terror are middle or lower class

22. In July 1794, Robespierre arrested, executed
End of the Terror
In July 1794, Robespierre arrested, executed
Terror results in public opinion shifting away from radicals

23. Execution of Maximilien-Marie-Isidore Robespierre on July 27, 1794.

24. End of the Terror continued
Moderate leaders write new constitution
Two-house legislature and five man directory restore order
New government makes Napoleon Bonaparte commander of armies