1. CHAPTER 3: The Presence of Roman Catholicism

2. Spanish Missions 1500s in Florida & southwest o priests came with explorers 1700s in California o mission system o Junipero Serra

3. French Missions 1500s in Canada o Franciscans & Jesuits o learned native languages o intermarried 1600s in Maine & New Orleans

4. English Colonies Exclusion of Catholic minority o no voting rights o religious tests for public office Exceptions: o Maryland & Lord Baltimore o Pennsylvania o New York

5. Consecration of Space: Sacramentalism baptism confirmation reconciliation communion holy orders marriage sacrament of the sick

6. Sacramental Hierarchy Pope o spiritual authority o infallible o Vatican Church as Mystical Body of Christ male priests & bishops

7. Liturgical Cycle Advent & Christmas Ash Wednesday & Lent Holy Week o Palm Sunday o Holy Thursday o Good Friday o Easter Ascension & Pentecost

8. Paraliturgical Devotions Sacred Heart Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament Stations of the Cross devotions to Mary o rosary o scapular o local visions

9. Ethics & Morality natural law o sexuality sin o original, mortal, or venial o remains of sin o purgatory

10. American Catholicism ethnicity o internal condition o “many in one church” pluralism o external condition o “one church among many”

11. Catholic Immigration, 1840s-50s Irish o potato famine refugees o dominated Catholic hierarchy German o wanted national churches o rejected Irish legalism

12. Catholic Immigration, 1880s-1920s Italians o anticlerical o rejected Irish legalism Polish o wanted national churches o Black Madonna of Czestochowa

13. Catholic Immigration, Late 20th Century Latino o Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban o anticlerical o curanderismo o Virgin of Guadalupe o encuentro movement

14. Pluralism Catholicism = minority religion Protestant fears o nativism Catholic fears o public schools

15. 19 th -Century Adaptations trusteeism Americanism o modern culture & individualism o Testem Benevolentiae (1899) o “phantom heresy”

16. 20 th -Century Adaptations Catholic missions Vatican Council II charismatic movement Dignity & feminism new voluntary style

17. OVERVIEW sacramentalism natural law ethnicity & pluralism Protestant nativism adaptations to America