1. The Brain

2. Brain Rap

3. How do we see the brain? EEG- electrodes on the brain that record brain waves CT- shows structure of the brain PET- use dye to show brain activity MRI- shows tissue responses to pulses of magnetic energy –fMRI- distinguishes activity levels of individual brain cells during various mental processes

4. EEG

5. CT Scan

6. PET Scan

7. MRI

8. fMRI

9. The 3 Layers of the Brain Brain Stem Limbic System Cerebral Cortex

10. 3 Layers of the Brain 1.Brain Stem (R-Complex) 2.Limbic System 3.Cerebral Cortex

11. Carl Sagan video

12. Major Parts of the Brain Stem Medulla- controls automatic functions Pons- regulates sleep and dreams Reticular Formation- core of BS; monitors incoming sensory info and attention Thalamus- receives info and prioritizes and distributes it accordingly Cerebellum- handles coordination and balance

13. Anatomy of the Brain Stem

14. Mike the Headless Chicken

15. Major Elements of the Limbic System Exists in all mammals- involved in memory, emotion and caring for young Hippocampus- establishes LTM Amygdala- controls emotion; holds emotionally charged LTM; center of fear and aggression (Waterboy got this wrong- don’t confuse with medulla!) Hypothalamus- body’s blood lab- monitors heart-rate, body temp, etc- important in _____ division of the PNS

17. Cerebral Cortex Primates ONLY: where all critical thought occurs

18. Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex 1.Frontal- movement, thinking 1.Motor cortex 2.Parietal- touch, spatial relationships 1.Somatosensory cortex 3.Occipital- vision 1.Visual cortex 4.Temporal- hearing, speech, some LTM 1.Auditory cortex

19. Phineas Gage

20. Motor and Somatosensory Cortex Homunculus: represents the amount of space on the M and S cortexes dedicated for each location on the body. –Which part of the human body has most representation on these cortexes? 2 nd most? Least?

21. Association Cortex Majority of cerebral cortex is used to associate information from all cortical regions. –It will combine information from all over the brain, interpret the sensations, plan, decide and prepare us to act.

22. Cerebral Dominance Tendency of each hemisphere to control certain functions

23. Left BrainRight Brain Regulates + emotion Speech muscles Movement sequence Spontaneous speaking/writing Word and # memory Understanding what you hear or read Regulates – emotion Response to simple command Shape and music memory Understanding spatial relationships and visual images Recognition of faces

24. Hemispherical Communication Corpus Callosum: bundle of nerve fibers that transfers information between the hemispheres of the brain