2. Comparing Kinds of Matter Chapter 5

3. Lesson 2: Elements

4. REVIEW Lesson 1

5. Measures Weight NEWTONS AND POUNDS

6. The amount of matter in an object MASS

7. How strongly gravity pulls on an object WEIGHT

8. Measures Volume MILILITERS AND CUBIC CENTIMETERS

9. Measures how much space matter takes up VOLUME

10. Measures Mass KILOGRAMS AND GRAMS

11. the amount of mass for each cm 3 of a substance Density

12. Resistance to sinking Buoyancy

13. Imaginary “skin” that rests on the surface of water Surface Tension

14. What forms can matter have? Solid Liquid Gas

15. Have a definite shape and volume Solids

16. Have an indefinite shape; volume takes the shape of its container Liquid

17. Have an indefinite shape and volume Gas

18. Lesson 2: What is an Element? is a material that cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical reactions chemical element is the simplest form of matter

19. What is matter made of? all matter is made up of the same set of building blocks

20. Important properties of elements state of matter at room temperature ( Most elements are solids, some are gases, and a few are liquids) Examples: Solids: Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co) Liquids : Mercury (Hg) Gas: Helium (He), Oxygen (O)

21. Important Properties of Elements the way they combine with other elements (some elements are likely to combine with other elements to form new substances. These elements are more chemically reactive) – Fluorine (F)

22. elements are of three types: metals nonmetals metalloids

23. Metals, Nonmetals, or Metalloids Metals are elements that share common properties such as shiny, conductivity, flexibility (iron, cobalt, nickel) Nonmetals are elements that are dull, poor conductors and brittle Metalloids are elements with properties that are in between

24. Atom the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element Any element listed on the periodic table consists of atoms. Hydrogen, helium, oxygen and uranium are examples of types of atoms. periodic table

25. What are atoms and molecules made of? nucleus is the center of an atom the nucleus is made of protons, and neutrons A proton is a particle with one unit of positive electric charge (number of protons in an atom is the atomic number) A neutron is a particle with no electric charge An electron is a particle with one unit of negative electric charge Electrons move around in the space outside the nucleus

26. Molecules. Molecules are small particles that make up all living and non-living things particles with more than one atom joined together most of the atoms in the world exist as part of a molecule, not on their own objects in the world are just many molecules grouped together

27. Example of a Molecule Carbon Dioxide Less than 1% of the air is carbon dioxide, but it is essential for life. Plants use carbon dioxide to build energy- rich molecules. CO 2 1 black carbon atom 2 red oxygen atoms

28. What are the most common elements? In space, the most common elements are hydrogen and helium. On Earth, elements such as hydrogen and any of these: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, nitrogen, iron, and calcium are among the most common