1. DEVELOPMENT OF THE MIDDLE COLONIES

2. FOUNDING People, Reasons, & Colonies DUTCH – claimed colony of New Netherland; main settlement New Amsterdam on Manhattan Is.; in 1664, Peter Stuyvesant surrendered the colony to the English Patroon – wealthy landowners who brought 50 workers to settle

3. FOUNDING People, Reasons, & Colonies (continued) DUKE OF YORK – brother of King Charles II; owner of New York colony; NYC became a large & diverse city LORD JOHN BERKELEY & SIR GEORGE CARTERET – friends of Duke of York; proprietors of the New Jersey colony; became a place of ethnic & religious diversity

4. FOUNDING People, Reasons, & Colonies (continued) WILLIAM PENN & QUAKERS – in 1682 Penn received a large land grant; wanted to make a safe place for Quakers in America; designed Philadelphia; helped settle colony, which became very diverse due to tolerance; had own assembly

5. FOUNDING People, Reasons, & Colonies (continued) DELAWARE – in 1703, three lower counties separated from PA, formed their own legislature, and became the colony of Delaware

6. GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS, IDEAS, & FIRSTS PROPRIETARY COLONY – colony in which the owner (proprietor) owns all the land & controls the government (DE, MD, PA) PROMISES TO COLONISTS – cheap land; freedom of religion; trial by jury; representative assembly

7. SOCIETY Family, Community, Religion QUAKER IDEALS – believed everyone had an “inner light” that guided them to salvation; everyone is equal; tolerant of others; pacifists CULTURAL DIVERSITY – a variety of different cultures; Middle Colonies were most diverse of all because of tolerant ideals

8. ECONOMICS Farming & Other Ways To Make A Living CASH CROP FARMING – growing food for a profit MAJOR CROPS – wheat, oats, corn LARGEST CITIES IN COLONIES – Philadelphia & New York City (b/c of trade) OTHER IMPORTANT INDUSTRIES – lumber, mining, trading, fishing, manufacturing NICKNAME – “Breadbasket” colonies